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Crop area monitoring using remote sensing technology has played an important role in serving agricultural production, ensuring food security, and achieving sustainable water resources management. To obtain information on the distribution of major crops in the Yellow River Basin (YRB), this study utilized the MODIS time series remote sensing dataset from2001 to 2021, with wheat and maize as the main crops of interest. The study identified crop planting patterns and types using NDVI long-term time series data and a threshold method, and further analyzed and explored their spatiotemporal evolution patterns. Finally, the spatial characteristics of potential evapotranspiration in the YRB are analyzed. The results indicated that the overall classification error of wheat and maize planting areas in the YRB was small. There were significant spatiotemporal differences in crop planting structure in the YRB, with a gradual decline in wheat planting area and a continuous increase in maize planting area. The planting centers of both crops were shifting towards the northeast. The results will provide a rapid and robust method to be applied for wheat and maize planted area monitoring in other regions. This study also contributes to achieving multi-year dynamic monitoring of crop types and exploring the variation patterns of evapotranspiration in the YRB.
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