Paper
20 February 2008 The quantum limit for electrical amplifiers: Can we reach it?
A. J. Rimberg, W. W. Xue, Z. Ji, F. Pan, J. Stettenheim, T. J. Gilheart
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Abstract
Any scientific instrument, including an electrical amplifier, necessarily adds noise in the process of performing a measurement. As might be expected from knowledge of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle, quantum mechanics sets strict limits on how little noise a measurement can add. There is a great deal of current interest in performing measurements at the quantum limit on such systems as qubits and nanomechanical resonators. Here we introduce the notion of quantum limited electrical measurement, and discuss recent progress made toward this goal.
© (2008) COPYRIGHT Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers (SPIE). Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
A. J. Rimberg, W. W. Xue, Z. Ji, F. Pan, J. Stettenheim, and T. J. Gilheart "The quantum limit for electrical amplifiers: Can we reach it?", Proc. SPIE 6885, MEMS/MOEMS Components and Their Applications V. Special Focus Topics: Transducers at the Micro-Nano Interface, 688505 (20 February 2008); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.778262
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KEYWORDS
Amplifiers

Sensors

Field effect transistors

Superconductors

Quantum efficiency

Quantum information

Modulation

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