Billions of banknotes in their daily circulation are determined as one of the important spreading ways of thousands of different microbes among the world's population. Therefore, the main factors influencing the degree of microbiological contamination of banknotes are considered. The influence of varnishing technological parameters, in particular the type of varnish cure on the surface, anilox roll line count, and anilox roll transfer volume, on the resistance of banknotes contamination, was studied to determine the option of UV varnishing, which will be the most optimal to improve the resistance of banknotes against to contamination. Also, the innovative technological processes of banknote surface antibacterial protection are proposed, in a particular banknote surface coating with varnishes that include silver nanoparticles, which have great bactericidal action. Methods of synthesis and stabilization of silver nanoparticles in aqueous solutions and organic solvents used for the inclusion into water-soluble and UV varnishes are considered. Conditions for the inclusion of silver nanoparticles in water-soluble and UV varnish have been established. The morphology and spectral characteristics of the obtained silver nanoparticles were studied. The methodology of decolorization of aqueous solutions of silver nanoparticles was developed in the paper, it was proposed to use such polymers as polyvinylpyrrolidone and sodium polyphosphate to increase the stability of nanoparticles. The influence of varnish compositions - water-soluble and UV varnishes - on the stability and spectral characteristics of silver nanoparticles has been studied.
The intaglio printing is a security process and one of the obligatory ways to protect banknotes and other types of securities in majority of the world countries. One of distinguishing features of the intaglio printing process is that ink layer thickness transferred to substrate can be varied from 20 up to 200 μm. The aim of the investigation is to ascertain the correlation between ink layer formation and technological parameters of the intaglio printing process and to establish the best ink transferring condition. The designed and manufactured by the technology of direct laser engraving (DLE) model printing plate with various geometrical parameters of engraved printing elements. The samples surface topography was investigated using contact profiling and non-contact 3D light interferometry methods in combination. The resulting 2D images allow to get a 3D reconstruction of the surface. The average layer thickness values of printed strokes is about 21 μm using the SWA of engraved printing elements angle Kw=53°, while this value is about 29 μm using the sidewall angle of engraved printing elements angle Kw=90°. 3D light interferometry profiling made possible to prove and visible nonsymmetrical view of intaglio ink layers. It was observed that when the SWA of engraved printing elements increase the values of contact angles is increasing too – from 43° to 47° (left contact angle) and from 32° to 35° (right contact angle).
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