The multiple-shape-memory ionic polymer-metal composite (MSM-IPMC) actuator can demonstrate complex 3D
deformation. The MSM-IPMC have two characteristics, which are the electro-mechanical actuation effect and the
thermal-mechanical shape memory effect. The bending, twisting, and oscillating motions of the actuator could be
controlled simultaneously or separately by means of thermal-mechanical and electro-mechanical transactions. In our
study, we theoretically modelled and experimentally investigated the MSM-IPMC. We proposed a new physical
principle to explain the shape memory behavior. A theoretical model of the multiple shape memory effect of MSMIPMC
was developed. It is based on the assumption that the multiple shape memory effect is caused by the thermal stress
and each individual Young’s modulus is ‘memorized’ during the previous programming process. As the MSM-IPMC
was reheated to each temperature, the corresponding thermal stress was applied on the MSM-IPMC, and the Young’s
modulus was recovered, which result in the shape recovery of the MSM-IPMC. To verify the model, a MSM-IPMC
sample was prepared. Experimental tests of MSM-IPMC were conducted. By comparing the simulation results and the
experimental results, both results have a good agreement. The current study is beneficial for the better understanding of
the underlying physics of MSM-IPMC.
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