Astrophotonics is the application of photonics to astronomical instrumentation. This relatively young and rapidly developing Field can play a transformative role in astronomy, offering new functionality, increased efficiency and stability, and allowing traditional large bulk optics instruments to be replaced with miniature scalable modular instruments. Astrophotonics has reached a stage of maturity in which many prototypes and concepts are now being employed in facility instruments, and the field is transitioning from purely research and design to become part of mainstream astronomical instrumentation. As part of this process integrated optical components are playing an increasingly important role, often supplanting the fibre optics used in early prototypes. In this paper we provide a brief review of astrophotonics, paying particular attention to those areas in which silicon photonics can be beneficial, as well as noting the requirements and challenges for silicon astrophotonics.
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