Papaverine is used to treat gastrointestinal tract spasms, bile ducts, ureters as a cerebral and coronary vasodilator, subarachnoid hemorrhage [3] and a coronary artery bypass [4]. Papaverine is used as a smooth muscle relaxant in microsurgery if it is applied directly to blood vessels. In the treatment of erectile dysfunction, a papaverine gel has recently been used [5]. Also, in combination with other drugs, it is commonly used in cryopreservation of blood vessels [6, 7]. Papaverine is a direct relaxing smooth muscle, which is attributed to its ability to inhibit phosphodiesterase. It can be administered for peripheral cerebral and coronary circulation. It can also be used for vascular disorders, for gastrointestinal disorders as an antispasmodic and against cough. However, its use for the latest recommendations should be regarded with caution [8]. For these reasons, the determination of papaverine in urine samples is very important [2]. Identification is preferably by GC-MS or HPLC-MS chromatographic techniques [9]. |
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Ionization
Blood vessels
Interfaces
Optoelectronics
Spectroscopy
Chemical analysis
Arteries