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Spectral colouring severely affects quantification in photoacoustic imaging, impacting the biological interpretation of the output imaging biomarkers. Melanin is a particularly strong optical absorber in the near infrared wavelength range that exhibits substantial variation in concentration according to skin tone. Here, Monte-Carlo simulations of light transport in a computational skin phantom were carried out to establish the effects of quantifying blood oxygenation at different melanin concentrations. These results were validated with a tissue-mimicking phantom. The results demonstrated that raised melanin concentration in the epidermis significantly affects quantification of haemoglobin concentration and oxygenation with photoacoustic imaging.
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Thomas R Else, Lina Hacker, Sarah E. Bohndiek, "Evaluating the impact of melanin on spectral colouring in photoacoustic imaging," Proc. SPIE 11642, Photons Plus Ultrasound: Imaging and Sensing 2021, 116424M (5 March 2021); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2577257