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Among the works marking the water conservancy achievements of ancient China, the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is more than 2,500 years old, but has been suspended since water transport in feudal times was terminated in 1901. This paper contains an investigation on water resources, water environment and economic status along the canal and analysis on problems facing its whole-line re-navigation, based on its navigation history. The lowest navigable stage and water demand for navigation were figured out using the synthetic duration curve method, and local water resources of non-navigable sections and available water supply of East Route of the South-to-North Water Diversion Project were analyzed respectively. According to the result, the navigation requests 1.292 billion m3 of water for channels at Level I-II, 1.200 billion m3 of water for channels at Level III-IV and 1.120 billion m3 of water for channels at Level V, based on the current waterway status; the South-to-North Water Diversion Project is needed to provide water sources because water resources in regions along the canal have been excessively exploited, but the South-to-North Water Diversion Project’s available water quantity was 208 million m3 or so in 2010 and will be 1.074 billion m3 by 2030, both smaller than water demand for navigation of channels even at Level V. Therefore, whole-line re-navigation is infeasible in view of water resources.
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