Cancer, as one of the leading causes of death globally, has been widely studied by scientists for therapies against it. Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer that has been used with a long history, but its efficacy has reached the bottleneck due to its high toxicity. The lack of targeting specificity of chemotherapy is one of the major causes of adverse effects upon its usage. Compared to chemotherapy, more targeted therapies are becoming prevalent as they provide a better safety profile. Pembrolizumab, a programmed death ligand-1 targeting drug, is a newly approved targeting medication. While displaying a high efficacy against developed lung cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma, pembrolizumab also exhibits an acceptable toxicity property. However, mutation loads and gene mutations leads to resistance of pembrolizumab treatment. This review focus on the advantage of pembrolizumab over chemotherapy, the detailed efficacy of pembrolizumab against developed lung cancer and Hodgkin lymphoma, and the specific resistance upon usage of pembrolizumab.
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