At the present, the two clinical biomarkers used to monitor diabetic progression are blood glucose and HbA1c. However, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have been shown to contribute to diabetic pathogenesis, and there is interest in the use of AGEs in tissues as long-term glycemic markers. In this study, we investigate the in vitro rate of fluorescent AGEs (fAGEs) formation with multiphoton microscopy in different porcine tissues (aorta, cornea, kidney, dermis, and tendon) from glucose, galactose, and fructose, three primary monosaccharides found in human diets. These results may be of value in developing long-term glycemic biomarkers for diabetes.
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