Near-infrared in-situ measurements for the detection of keyhole porosity in autogenous Ti-6Al-4V welds

Joseph N. Zalameda; Samuel J. A. Hocker; Peter W. Spaeth; Brandon Widener

doi:10.1117/12.3014612

7 June 2024 Near-infrared in-situ measurements for the detection of keyhole porosity in autogenous Ti-6Al-4V welds

Joseph N. Zalameda, Samuel J. A. Hocker, Peter W. Spaeth, Brandon Widener

Proceedings Volume 13047, Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLVI; 130470X (2024) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3014612
Event: SPIE Defense + Commercial Sensing, 2024, National Harbor, Maryland, United States

Abstract

Certification of additive manufactured metal parts requires nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to ensure build quality. NDE can be performed during the build process or post build. For large parts with complex geometries, post build NDE can be challenging. In-situ NDE potentially provides a way to perform the inspection layer by layer. This work explores the use of a high speed near infrared (NIR) camera that is focused in-line with a laser to obtain high spatial and temporal resolution thermal imagery of the melt pool and associated cooling areas. The thermal data is obtained during a laser melting process using a Ti-6Al-4V plate and of particular interest is the detection of keyhole porosity. Keyhole porosity can result from non-optimal build conditions, such as excessive laser power at a given laser scanning speed, that creates an entrapped bubble. The NIR measured melt pool and cooling areas are processed to detect keyhole porosity. The results are compared to X-ray computed tomography (CT) for validation. Keyhole pores buried deep were not detectable with this technique, however, some larger subsurface elongated pores and some open surface pores did show some promise for detectability.

Conference Presentation

(2024) Published by SPIE. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.

Citation Download Citation

Joseph N. Zalameda, Samuel J. A. Hocker, Peter W. Spaeth, and Brandon Widener "Near-infrared in-situ measurements for the detection of keyhole porosity in autogenous Ti-6Al-4V welds", Proc. SPIE 13047, Thermosense: Thermal Infrared Applications XLVI, 130470X (7 June 2024); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3014612

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