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The carbon-fluorine bond exhibits a low level of polarization, which gives the organic fluoropolymer coating material a distinctive property of reduced surface energy. As a result, it demonstrates exceptional resistance to both polar and nonpolar molecules and can resist the permeation and swelling of water, oil, and other liquids. The present paper provided a concise overview of three types of fluoropolymer coating materials based on acrylates, polysiloxanes, and nanoparticles. The unique chemical compositions or structures of fluoropolymer coating resulted in good hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, solvent resistance, antifouling and decay resistance, UV resistance, and self-cleaning capabilities. The present study introduced four preparation methods for fluoropolymer coating materials, including free radical polymerization, anionic polymerization, hydrosilylation, and click chemistry. At the same time, the film-forming methods of fluoropolymer coatings, such as temperature-controlled cross-linking curing methods of epoxy-amine reaction and siloxane hydrolysis condensation, as well as photoinduced cross-linking curing methods, are covered. Grafting fluorine-containing segments into polymers to reduce the surface energy and introducing nanoparticles to fabricate microstructure are two key aspects of the study of protective coatings. The prospects of protective coatings made from fluoropolymers were proposed.
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