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Microwave photonics is an interdisciplinary research field that combines the fields of optics and radio frequency. The main functions of microwave photonic systems include photon generation, processing, control and distribution of microwave and millimeter wave (mm-wave) signals. Because of its combined advantages of optics and radio frequency, it is used in applications such as broadband wireless access networks, sensor networks, radar, satellite communications, instrumentation, and warfare systems. This article reviews the development and applications of microwave photonics, providing an overview of photon generation of microwave and millimeter-wave signals, photon processing of microwave and millimeter-wave signals, photon-assisted microwave measurements, fiber-optic radio systems, and integrated microwave photonics. Among them, the optical vector analysis (OVA) technology in Microwave spectrum analysis is analyzed from the principles, development status, structural examples and other aspects, and the OVA based on optical double sideband (ODSB) modulation is studied and simulated in detail. And the performance of the ODSB-based OVA is improved by using the measurement range broadening technology based on optical frequency comb, the measurement error elimination technology based on carrier suppression and balanced photoelectric detection, and the linearly frequency modulation (LFM)-based OVA.
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