The solution to the computational problem of reconstructing object motion from retinal image motion is underconstrained. In an effort to converge on a solution to this problem, the primate visual system appears to rely upon image cues that lead to an interpretation of the spatial relationships between objects in a visual scene. Psychophysical experiments illustrate this phenomenon through the apparent dependence of motion signal integration on luminance-based cues for occlusion and perceptual transparency. Neurophysiological studies of the cell populations thought to underlie motion signal integration reveal a change in directional selectivity that precisely parallels the perceptual phenomenon. Among obstacles faced in attempts to understand the neural bases of primate vision, the integration of motion signals holds a unique position; The computational problem is well-defined, a specific neural substrate has been identified, and the solution to the integration problem is absolutely critical for visually guided behavior. As such, it stands as a model system for exploring the relationships between neuronal phenomena, perception, and behavior.
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