New video imaging technologies have significantly improved the development of minimally invasive surgical and laparoscopic procedures. The next step in this evolution, the advent of more complex procedures performed under minimally invasive conditions, demands a greater need for accurate depth perception; further improvements in imaging technology as well as instrumentation are needed for the surgeon to perform difficult manipulative tasks with the same skill, accuracy, and speed as in open surgery. Two different techniques are currently available to produce 3-dimensional image: the 'with glasses' technique and the 'glasses-free' technique. The purpose of this experiment is twofold. First, to objectively compare the 3-D images created by the 'glasses-free' monitor, the passive glasses 3-D system, and a 2-D monitor. The second objective was to subjectively assess the quality of each screen as perceived by the operator.
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