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Erbium-doped planar optical amplifiers can find numerous applications in photonic integrated circuits operating at 1.5 micrometers . The challenge is to fabricate these devices with high gain, operating at low pump power, and having small overall size. In this paper a review is given of our recent work in the area of Er-doped waveguide materials and amplifiers based on three materials classes: oxide films (Al2O3, Y2O3, SiO2), polymers, and silicon.
Albert Polman
"Exciting erbium-doped planar optical amplifier materials", Proc. SPIE 3942, Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices IV, (13 April 2000); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.382844
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Albert Polman, "Exciting erbium-doped planar optical amplifier materials," Proc. SPIE 3942, Rare-Earth-Doped Materials and Devices IV, (13 April 2000); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.382844