The main laser materials, the most used for optical communication spectral window (~ 1,5 microns), are erbium doped glasses and crystals. The processes of light interaction with gain media essentially change at introduction of ΕΓ3+ ions in mesoporous matrix of various dimensions, in particular, as a result of multiple light scattering and occurrence of new quantum-optical effects. These will allow not only effectively to control a level of spontaneous emission in laser systems, but also to achieve light localization in various waveguide structures. Application of 3D- (volumetric) and 2D- (planar) matrixes (doped by erbium or other rare-earth elements) in systems of optical communication and information processing, in laser technology and optical computers becomes possible. The various approaches to obtain of materials with photonic band gap (photonic crystals) are analyzed. The use of "self-organizing" systems seems to be most perspective. Such, in particular, are 3D- and 2D-structures on the basis of cubic packing SiO2 nanospheres (opal matrixes) and 2D-structures on the basis of porous anodic alumina (PAA). The ΕΓ3+ions can be introduced into these matrixes by various methods (in present work some methods were used: impregnation, sol-gel, magnetron sputtering). As a result, the diverse systems such as "active media - optical matrix" are formed.
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