Embedding multiple watermarks in the DFT domain using low- and high-frequency bands

Emir Ganic; Scott D. Dexter; Ahmet M. Eskicioglu

doi:10.1117/12.594697

21 March 2005 Embedding multiple watermarks in the DFT domain using low- and high-frequency bands

Emir Ganic, Scott D. Dexter, Ahmet M. Eskicioglu

Proceedings Volume 5681, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII; (2005) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594697
Event: Electronic Imaging 2005, 2005, San Jose, California, United States

Abstract

Although semi-blind and blind watermarking schemes based on Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) or Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) are robust to a number of attacks, they fail in the presence of geometric attacks such as rotation, scaling, and translation. The Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) of a real image is conjugate symmetric, resulting in a symmetric DFT spectrum. Because of this property, the popularity of DFT-based watermarking has increased in the last few years. In a recent paper, we generalized a circular watermarking idea to embed multiple watermarks in lower and higher frequencies. Nevertheless, a circular watermark is visible in the DFT domain, providing a potential hacker with valuable information about the location of the watermark. In this paper, our focus is on embedding multiple watermarks that are not visible in the DFT domain. Using several frequency bands increases the overall robustness of the proposed watermarking scheme. Specifically, our experiments show that the watermark embedded in lower frequencies is robust to one set of attacks, and the watermark embedded in higher frequencies is robust to a different set of attacks.

Citation Download Citation

Emir Ganic, Scott D. Dexter, and Ahmet M. Eskicioglu "Embedding multiple watermarks in the DFT domain using low- and high-frequency bands", Proc. SPIE 5681, Security, Steganography, and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents VII, (21 March 2005); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.594697

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