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The state of the art in multicycle THz generation relies on nonlinear optical conversion in commercial periodically-poled lithium niobate crystals. THz pulse energies, however, are limited by the small apertures of available crystals as well as the low damage thresholds connected to photorefractive effects, especially at low temperatures associated with optimum efficiency. We explore three options for increasing the THz pulse energy achievable: increasing the crystal aperture to allow use of higher energy driver lasers; tuning the crystal temperature to look for an optimum; and testing an alternate medium (KTP) to mitigate photorefractive effects and push to higher intensities.
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Halil T. Olgun, Mikhail Pergament, Takunori Taira, Hideki Ishizuki, Franz X. Kärtner, Nicholas Matlis, "Large-aperture, manually poled LiNbO3 and KTP for high-energy, narrowband THz generation," Proc. SPIE PC11985, Nonlinear Frequency Generation and Conversion: Materials and Devices XXI, PC119850J (1 April 2022); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2614416