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In this work, a miniaturized heterodyning FD-NIRS instrument was presented. The device uses a dual slope probe, which removes the need for pre-calibration. The low-footprint system consists of only the circuit board, the probe and a Raspberry-Pi. Four lasers (685 nm and 830 nm) and two avalanche photodiodes are used, where the lasers are modulated with 80 MHz and the APD signals are amplified and downconverted by the analog front end of the instrument: a custom designed fully differential ASIC in 130 nm CMOS technology. Solid phantom measurements revealed <9% error and significant stability for long-term measurements.
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Alper Kılıç, Giles Blaney, Cristianne Fernandez, Angelo Sassaroli, Sergio Fantini, Valencia M. J. Koomson, "A miniaturized frequency-domain near-infrared spectroscopy instrument compatible with the dual-slope method featuring custom ASIC AFE," Proc. SPIE PC12376, Optical Tomography and Spectroscopy of Tissue XV, PC1237604 (7 March 2023); https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2668684