Single-crystal alumina (sapphire) and transparent polycrystalline alumina are compelling candidates for laser processing in optical applications. In this study, single-shot laser irradiations (~10^15 W/cm2) on sapphire and polycrystalline alumina are investigated. A laser in the femtosecond regime (1030 nm, 490 fs) is used to examine the mechanisms of laser-induced damage on sapphire and polycrystalline alumina. The damage morphologies are characterized using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and optical profilometer. When irradiated with a single-shot ultrafast laser pulse, sapphire and polycrystalline alumina show dissimilar damage mechanisms, attributed mainly to the difference in the microstructure. In addition, a quantitative analysis of crater diameter, depth, and volume is conducted. The laser-induced damage thresholds of the materials are determined. The quantitative analysis provides insight into the scaling relationship between the laser parameters and damage morphologies for sapphire and polycrystal alumina.
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