To explore the optical characteristics and bionic application potentials of the wing scales of the Madagascan sunset moth, the mapping relationship between the micronano structure and the optical response characteristics was established, and the optical stimuli-responsive mechanism of the structure-colored scales was deeply revealed. The multilevel fine structure of structure-colored scales on the forewings of the Madagascan sunset moth was formed by coupling the linear strip surface and the layered cross-section. The layered film structure system of wing scales was similar to a set of bioresponsive nanophotonic crystals, had a sensitive color change response to the external environment changes such as liquid infiltration and incident angle, and had a highly adjustable reflectivity in the near-infrared range. The unique optical characteristics of the wing scales of the Madagascan sunset moth could provide new ideas for the development of adaptive bionic stealth materials and components.