The article reveals the role of STEM education in today’s technological society and its impact on the development of students’ skills, necessary for building career in the modern world. The need to modernize methodological principles, educational content, and educational technologies is emphasized. Initial, basic, profile, higher/professional levels of STEM education development are described. The directions of STEM education in training of future specialists of engineering and pedagogical professions are highlighted. The STEM project “Spectroscope” was implemented to test innovative method of studying the phenomenon of light dispersion by means of robotics.
This article describes a computer system for increasing the local contrast of railway images obtained with digital video cameras. The local contrast of the images increases within the rectangular windows, for each of which the minimum and maximum brightness values are determined. Based on such extreme brightness values, the lower and upper envelope brightness of the image are calculated. By smoothing of the envelopes the artefacts that appear in the image after increasing the local contrast based on its envelopes are significantly reduced. The images are read to the control computer from USB video cameras. The software implementation of image processing is created in Python.
An analytical approach for determine the acoustic phonon dispersion relation in the qusi-2D nanosystems such as flat ultra-thin flat films is represented there. Method is based on the representation the components of polarization vectors for all possible phonon branches in the film of finite thickness as appropriate Fourier series. This made it possible to establish the analytical dependencies of energy on the frequency for all branches of the acoustic phonon spectrum in ultra-thin films. Such results can allow an analytical investigations of the electron spectra transformations that caused by electrons interaction with acoustic phonons in the ultra-thin films by variation of their thicknesses.
This article describes the developed method of adaptive-oriented filtration of digital images in the spatial domain, which is designed to remove noise and enhance the visual quality of images. as the kernel of filter an oriented two-dimensional gaussian distribution is used. as a result of this filtration, the contours of the images are blurred slightly, since the filtration is mainly carried out along the contour direction, that is, the filter parameters are adapted to each image region. the proposed method of image filtering is implemented in Matlab.
The energy of ground state of electron, hole and exiton in quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor nanoheterostructure with quantum well (nanofilm) are calculated by using the dielectric continuum model, approximation of effective masses and Green’s function method. Dependence of these energies on nanofilms thickness and barrier material composition have been studied taken into account effects of quantum confinement, self-polarization of the heterojunction planes and interaction with warious branches of optical phonons in such nanohetrostructures. Specific calculation was made for nanofilm GaN embedded in barrier material AlxGa1-xN, both of him have wurtzite-type structure. It has been studied on this base the influence of changes of nanofilm thickness and barrier material composition on the spectral location the electron absorption edge and exciton peaks in such nanoheterostructures. The results of this study may be of practical interest, since excitons provide a sensitive indicator of material quality.
We represent the results of numerical computations of the frequency and temperature domains of possible realization of internal optical bistability in flat quasi-two-dimensional semiconductor nanoheterostructures with a single quantum well (i.e., nanofilms). Particular computations have been made for a nanofilm of layered semiconductor PbI2 embedded in dielectric medium, i.e. ethylene-methacrylic acid (E-MAA) copolymer. It is shown that an increase in the nanofilm's thickness leads to a long-wave shift of the frequency range of the manifestation the phenomenon of bistability, to increase the size of the hysteresis loop, as well as to the expansion of the temperature interval at which the realization of this phenomenon is possible.
The influence of weak external magnetic fields on the conditions of optical bistability (OB) realization in the field of
exciton absorption in layer semiconductors has been investigated theoretically. Using the 2H-polytype of PbI2 as an
example, it is shown that by changing the intensity of the external magnetic field it is possible to obtain the OB realization
region without changing the excitation laser frequency. It is also possible to control effectively the position and size of the
hysteresis absorption loop caused by the existence of several exciton zones and due to the peculiar features of the layer
crystal structure.
The influence of the exciton and phonon spectra of layer semiconductors on the conditions of optical bistability (OB)
realization in the exciton absorption region is investigated by means of the Green function method. Using the 2H-polytype
PbI2 as an example, it has been found that an effective exciton scattering by an oscillation of the bending wave (BW) type
leads to the short wave shift of the OB realization region, the decrease of its size, the widening of the OB observing
temperature region and to the shift of the hysteresis loop in the direction of greater intensities, the decrease of its height and
width. The possibility of observing the polarizable OB, connected with the direction of spreading and the insident light
polarization dependence ofthe layer crystal exciton spectra is substantiated in this paper.
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