MORFEO is a post-focal adaptive optics module that forms part of the first light instrument suite for the Extreme Large Telescope (ELT). The project is now in the Final Design Phase. In this paper, we report the status of the project.
MORFEO is the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Relay for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT) that will provide multi-conjugate correction of the incoming wavefront by means of three deformable mirrors: one on the telescope and two in the instrument optical train. The wavefront sensing is based on six laser guide stars projected on a constellation of 45 arcseconds and three natural guide stars selected into the 2,7 arcminutes corrected FOV. The current design of the Real Time Computer (RTC) devoted to the deformable mirrors control is reported in the following. According to the ELT architecture, the RTC consists of a Hard Real-Time Core (HRTC) and a Soft Real-Time Cluster (SRTC). The former is in charge of acquiring data from the wavefront sensors and controlling the deformable mirrors and jitter mirrors. It adopts the HEART platform and will be provided by the Herzberg Astronomy and Astrophysics - NRC Canada - which is joining to the Consortium. The SRTC, based on the ESO-provided RTC Toolkit, provides the interface for the Instrument Control System Software. It performs all the supervisory and monitoring tasks, in addition to the auxiliary loops for optimization of correction. This paper will discuss the state of the updated design of the RTC after the Preliminary Design Review (PDR) towards the final design of the subsystem. It will provide an in-depth description of the distributed architecture adopted by the system, with a particular focus on the architecture of the SRTC. Detailed insights into the design considerations, challenges encountered, and solutions implemented in the SRTC architecture will be presented to provide a comprehensive understanding of the system’s current state and future direction. Part of the research activities described in this paper were carried out with contribution of the Next Generation EU funds within the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (PNRR), Mission 4 - Education and Research, Component 2 - From Research to Business (M4C2), Investment Line 3.1 - Strengthening and creation of Research Infrastructures, Project IR0000034 – “STILES - Strengthening the Italian Leadership in ELT and SKA”.
The Real-Time Computer of the Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics Relay module for the ESO Extremely Large Telescope (MORFEO@ELT) is the subsystem that computes the atmosphere tomography based on the wavefront captured by nine sensors and controls the shape of three deformable mirrors. Implementing the MORFEO RTC presents many technical challenges due to the high data throughput generated by the system sensors and the heavy processing power required for the real-time mirrors’ shape computation. To meet ESO requirements, the ESO RTC Toolkit will be used to build the soft RTC subsystem, while the Hard RTC will be based on a custom architecture. In this paper, we will discuss some activities undertaken to progress toward the Final Design of the SRTC. Specifically, a physical design is proposed for the MORFEO RTC to meet the computational and network requirements. This design will include both the computing cluster and network physical design. To validate the architecture’s functionalities, some prototyping activities have been initiated: Firstly, a subset of the SRTC components has been created to test the main end-to-end data path, i.e. from the source (wavefront sensor) to the permanent storage (telemetry storage), and through the gateway to the consumer data tasks. Additionally, the core and computationally intensive data tasks will be prototyped using simulated data to benchmark different implementation strategies and various hardware solutions. Finally, the distributed system will be prototyped in a virtual or physical environment. These prototyping platforms will be useful in the final design and development stages to test module functionalities and the system and sub-system interfaces.
HYPSOS (HYPerspectral Stereo Observing System, patented) is a novel remote sensing instrument able to extract the spectral information from the two channels of a pushbroom stereo camera; thus it simultaneously provides 4D information, spatial and spectral, of the observed features. HYPSOS has been designed to be a compact instrument, compatible with small satellite applications, to be suitable both for planetary exploration as well for terrestrial environmental monitoring. An instrument with such global capabilities, both in terms of scientific return and needed resources, is optimal for fully characterizing the observed surface of investigation. HYPSOS optical design couples a pair of folding mirrors to a modified three mirror anastigmat telescope for collecting the light beams from the optical paths of the two stereo channels; then, on the telescope focal plane, there is the entrance slit of an imaging spectrograph, which selects and disperses the light from the two stereo channels on a bidimensional detector. With this optical design, the two stereo channels share the large majority of the optical elements: this allowed to realize a very compact instrument, which needs much less resources than an equivalent system composed by a stereo camera and a spectrometer. To check HYPSOS actual performance, we realized an instrument prototype to be operated in a laboratory environment. The laboratory setup is representative of a possible flight configuration: the light diffused by a surface target is collimated on the HYPSOS channel entrance apertures, and the target is moved with respect to the instrument to reproduce the in-flight pushbroom acquisition mode. Here we describe HYPSOS and the ground support equipment used to characterize the instrument, and show the preliminary results of the instrument alignment activities.
In this paper we report about the preliminary design of the Real Time Computer (RTC) for the MORFEO@ELT (formerly MAORY@ELT) Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics module for the ESO Extremely Large Telescope. The ELT MCAO module MORFEO provides high sky coverage, large field, diffraction limited correction in the near infrared. It relies on the use of a constellation of six Laser Guide Stars (LGS) and up to three Natural Guide Stars (NGS) for tomographic atmospheric turbulence sensing, and multiple mirrors (ELT M4 and up to two post-focal deformable mirrors) for correction. In particular, we will discuss the overall RTC architecture, the main control strategy, including provision for vibrations compensation, auxiliary loops and tasks for optimization of correction. We will also briefly describe our product and quality assurance plans.
The HYPerspectral Stereo Observing System (HYPSOS) is a novel remote sensing pushbroom instrument able to give simultaneously both 3D spatial and spectral information of the observed features. HYPSOS is a very compact instrument, which makes it attractive for both possible planetary observation and for its use on a nanosat, e.g. for civilian applications. This instrument collects light from two different perspectives, as a classical pushbroom stereocamera, which allows to realize the tridimensional model of the observed surface, and then to extract the spectral information from each resolved element, thus obtaining a full 4-dimensional hypercube dataset. To demonstrate the actual performance of this novel type of instrument, we are presently realizing a HYPSOS prototype, that is an instrument breadboard to be tested in a laboratory environment. For checking its performance, we setup an optical facility representative of a possible flight configuration. In this paper we provide a description of HYPSOS concept, of its optomechanical design and of the ground support equipment used to characterize the instrument. An update on the present status of the experiment is finally given.
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