Mr. Arnd R. Brandes Profile

Arnd R. Brandes

at Cubert GmbH

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Author

Publications (5)

Proceedings Article | 20 October 2023 Paper

CUVIS.AI: a new open source platform and three state-of-the-art applications of machine learning in hyperspectral imaging

René Heine, Robert Briegel, Arnd Brandes, Ben Müller, Barbara Darnell

Proceedings Volume 12688, 1268805 (2023) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2685302

KEYWORDS: Artificial intelligence, Cameras, Education and training, Hyperspectral imaging, Machine learning, Biomedical applications, Melanoma, Alzheimer disease, Eye, Data modeling

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SPIE Journal Paper | 25 June 2015 Open Access

Penetration depth of focused beams in highly scattering media investigated with a numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations in two dimensions

Ahmed Elmaklizi, Dominik Reitzle, Arnd Brandes, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 20, Issue 06, 065007, (June 2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.20.6.065007

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Scattering media, Laser scattering, Optical simulations, Light scattering, Finite-difference time-domain method, Bessel beams, Numerical analysis, Gaussian beams, Refractive index

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SPIE Journal Paper | 13 November 2014 Open Access

Modeling the tight focusing of beams in absorbing media with Monte Carlo simulations

Arnd Brandes, Ahmed Elmaklizi, H. Günhan Akarcay, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 11, 115003, (November 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.11.115003

KEYWORDS: Monte Carlo methods, Finite-difference time-domain method, Optical simulations, Absorption, Computer simulations, Refractive index, Diffraction, Microscopes, Scattering, Beam propagation method

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SPIE Journal Paper | 27 January 2014 Open Access

Sources of errors in spatial frequency domain imaging of scattering media

Nico Bodenschatz, Arnd Brandes, André Liemert, Alwin Kienle

JBO, Vol. 19, Issue 07, 071405, (January 2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.19.7.071405

KEYWORDS: Scattering, Reflectivity, Error analysis, Absorption, Spatial frequencies, Refractive index, Scattering media, Light scattering, Diffusion, Cameras

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Proceedings Article | 23 May 2013 Paper

Structured white-light illumination for diagnostic investigations

P. Schau, A. Brandes, K. Frenner, A. Kienle, W. Osten

Proceedings Volume 8792, 879208 (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2020624

KEYWORDS: Objectives, Light scattering, Scattering, Luminescence, Beam splitters, Optical coherence tomography, Confocal microscopy, Mirrors, Monte Carlo methods, Laser scattering

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The optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important technology for non-invasive, in vivo medical diagnostics. It enables the high-resolution recording of two-dimensional tomograms or three-dimensional volumes of biological tissue. Two mechanisms help separating the signal from the scattering background. First, reflected or backscattered light from outside the focal spot is suppressed by confocal discrimination. Additionally, the signal modulation is enhanced due to identical optical path lengths of both branches of the white light interferometry setup. Since the OCT relies on the interference between reference light and scattered light, this method cannot be readily extended for fluorescence measurements. An alternative approach is the confocal fluorescence microscopy, which uses confocal microscopy to suppress the fluorescent light from outside the focal spot. Hence, only the fluorescent light in the focal plane, which is 3 to 4 magnitudes lower in intensity than the excitation light, is detected. However, the surrounding area is illuminated with full intensity, which might cause photo-bleaching. There are also other promising approaches such as the two-photon excitation microscopy or fluorescence lifetime microscopy, which we will not cover in more detail. For fluorescence measurements of strongly-scattering samples such as biological tissue but also for technical surfaces, we propose a structured white-light illumination. We present two different approaches for the sample illumination utilizing a white light laser or a white light LED, respectively. We show first simulations of the individual illumination setups and their impact on the scattering within the sample. Furthermore, we investigated the distribution of the fluorescent light that reaches the detection part of the device when excited within a scattering medium, for this purpose we implemented a novel fast-converging algorithm for conditional fluence rate in our Monte Carlo algorithm.

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