Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics (HGD) cosmology predicts that the 1012 s (30 Kyr) H-He4 plasma protogalaxies become, by viscous fragmentation, proto-globular-star-cluster PGC clumps of a trillion small planets, at the 1013 s transition to gas. Larger planets and stars result from mergers of these hot 3000 K hydrogen planets in the PGCs. Stardust oxides of life chemicals C, N, O, Fe, Si seed the planets when the stars explode as supernovae. Hydrogen reduces the metal oxides and silicates to metal and rocky planet cores with massive hot water oceans at critical water temperature 647 K in which organic chemistry and life can develop. Because information is continually exchanged between the merging planets, they form a cosmic soup. The biological big bang occurs between 2 Myr when liquid water rains hot deep oceans in the cooling cosmos, and 8 Myr when the oceans freeze6. Thus, HGD cosmology explains the Hoyle/Wickramasinghe concept of cometary panspermia by giving a vast, hot, nourishing, cosmological primordial soup for abiogenesis, and the means for transmitting the resulting life forms and their evolving RNA/DNA mechanisms widely throughout the universe. A primordial astrophysical basis is provided for astrobiology by HGD cosmology. Concordance ΛCDMHC cosmology is rendered obsolete by the observation of complex life on Earth.
The weblike structure of the cosmic microwave background CMB temperature fluctuations are interpreted as fossils of the first turbulent combustion that drives the big bang1,2,3. Modern turbulence theory3 requires that inertial vortex forces cause turbulence to always cascade from small scales to large, contrary to the standard turbulence model where the cascade is reversed. Assuming that the universe begins at Planck length 10-35 m and temperature 1032 K, the mechanism of the big bang is a powerful turbulent combustion instability, where turbulence forms at the Kolmogorov scale and mass-energy is extracted by < -10113 Pa negative stresses from big bang turbulence working against gravity. Prograde accretion of a Planck antiparticle on a spinning particle-antiparticle pair releases 42% of a particle rest mass from the Kerr metric, producing a spinning gas of turbulent Planck particles that cascades to larger scales at smaller temperatures (10-27 m, 1027 K) retaining the Planck density 1097 kg m-3, where quarks form and gluon viscosity fossilizes the turbulence. Viscous stress powers inflation to ~ 10 m and ~ 10100 kg. The CMB shows signatures of both plasma and big bang turbulence. Direct numerical simulations support the new turbulence theory6.
Without modern fluid mechanics to inform cosmology theory, the formation of life is virtually impossible. Dark-energy cold-dark-matter hierarchical-clustering (Λ CDMHC) models are much too slow and oversimplified to produce the vast array of homogeneous life forms on cosmic space and time scales inferred from recent observations. Hydro-gravitational-dynamics (HGD) cosmology predicts viscous fragmentation of the primordial plasma to form proto-super-cluster voids at only 30,000 years (1012 seconds) following the big bang, with baryonic density matching (and explaining) the constant density ρ0 of globular star clusters observed in all present galaxies as a persistent fossil of the event. At the plasma to gas transition time 300,000 years (1013 seconds) plasma-proto-galaxies fragmented with linear and spiral morphologies set by large photon-viscosity and weak plasma turbulence. These proto-galaxies fragmented in 1012 seconds to Jeans mass clumps of a trillion earth-mass planets on transition to gas, which host the formation of stars, supernovae, hot water oceans, and the formation and distribution of life in a biological big bang beginning at 2,000,000 years when water condensed, and slowed at 8,000,000 years when water began to freeze.
Extraterrestrial life contradicts the Cold Dark Matter (CDM) Hierarchical Clustering (HC) model for cosmology, as well as its dark energy extension (by the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics) to include an accelerating expansion of the universe (ΛCDMHC). The expansion is driven by the antigravitational property of dark energy that justified Einstein’s cosmological constant (Λ). CDM stars appear only after a dark-age period lasting 300 Myr, rendering cosmic scale extraterrestrial life problematic. Turbulence stresses of Hydro-Gravitational-Dynamics (HGD) cosmology during the big bang are powerful but temporary, so CDM and dark energy are unnecessary. Superclusters fragment at 0.03 Myr. Hydrogen planets in proto-globular-star-cluster (PGC) clumps fragment protogalaxies at the transition to gas (0.3 Myr). The density at 0.03 Myr is preserved by old globular clusters (OGC) as a fossil of first fragmentation. Infrared observations support the HGD prediction (Gibson 1996) and quasar microlensing observation (Schild 1996) that the dark matter of galaxies is Earth-mass gas planets in dense PGC clumps. Water oceans seeded by dust of the first exploding stars at 2 Myr hosted extraterrestrial life spread on cosmic scales. Life anywhere falsifies dark energy.
The standard (old) cosmological model ΛCDMHC is flawed by fluid mechanical simplifications of the Jeans 1902
theory of gravitational structure formation. Corrections result in HydroGravitational Dynamics (HGD, new) cosmology
and early, cosmos-wide, life termed the biological big bang. Kinematic viscosity, turbulence and diffusivity as well as
fossil turbulence and fossil turbulence waves of new cosmology require early and massive plasma-epoch fragmentation
by voids. Old cosmology gives no stars or planets for 400 million years (the dark ages) and can only result in extremely
rare, intermittent, and highly localized life, if any, with no cosmic distribution mechanism. At the plasma to gas
transition time 300,000 years, new cosmology produces 30,000,000 planets per star in dense, Jeans-mass, proto-globular-
star-cluster clumps (PGCs) that host the formation of stars by planet mergers. Supernovae seed the small
hydrogen planets with oxides to form deep-water oceans, giving life at two million years and evolved complex life in
freezing cold oceans by eight million years. Cosmic distribution of HGD life is assured by jets from supernovae and
active galactic nuclei. Old biology becomes a new extraterrestrial cosmic biology. Herschel-Planck-Spitzer-WMAP
space telescope images show these PGCs by the infrared light of their planet mergers.
Hydrogravitional-dynamics (HGD) cosmology of Gibson/Schild 1996 predicts that the primordial
H-He4 gas of big bang nucleosynthesis became proto-globular-star-cluster clumps of Earth-mass
planets at 300 Kyr. The first stars formed from mergers of these 3000 K gas planets. Chemicals C,
N, O, Fe etc. created by stars and supernovae then seeded many of the reducing hydrogen gas
planets with oxides to give them hot water oceans with metallic iron-nickel cores. Water oceans at
critical temperature 647 K then hosted the first organic chemistry and the first life, distributed to the
1080 planets of the cosmological big bang by comets produced by the new (HGD) planet-merger star
formation mechanism. The biological big bang scenario occurs between 2 Myr when liquid oceans
condensed and 8 Myr when they froze. HGD cosmology explains, very naturally, the
Hoyle/Wickramasinghe concept of cometary panspermia by giving a vast, hot, nourishing,
cosmological primordial soup for abiogenesis, and the means for transmitting the resulting life forms
and their evolving chemical mechanisms widely throughout the universe. A primordial
astrophysical basis is provided for astrobiology by HGD cosmology. Concordance ΛCDMHC
cosmology is rendered obsolete by the observation of complex life on Earth.
Three decades ago the first convincing evidence of microbial fossils in carbonaceous chondrites was discovered and
reported by Hans Dieter Pflug and his collaborators. In addition to morphology, other data, notably laser mass
spectroscopy, confirmed the identification of such structures as putative bacterial fossils. Balloon-borne cryosampling
of the stratosphere enables recovery of fragile cometary dust aggregates with their structure and carbonaceous matter
largely intact. SEM studies of texture and morphology of particles in the Cardiff collection, together with EDX
identifications, show two main types of putative bio-fossils - firstly organic-walled hollow spheres around 10μm across,
secondly siliceous diatom skeletons similar to those found in carbonaceous chondrites and terrestrial sedimentary rocks
and termed 'acritarchs'. Since carbonaceous chondrites (particularly Type 1 chondrites) are thought to be extinct
comets the data reviewed in this article provide strong support for theories of cometary panspermia.
We explore the conditions prevailing in primordial planets in the framework of the HGD cosmologies as discussed by
Gibson and Schild. The initial stages of condensation of planet-mass gas clouds is set at 300,000 yr (0.3My) following
the onset of plasma instabilities when ambient temperatures were >1000K. Eventual collapse of the cloud into a solid
structure, dominated by water-ice and organics takes place against the background of an expanding universe with
declining ambient temperatures. Isothermal free fall collapse occurs initially via quasi equilibrium polytropes until
opacity sets in due to molecule and dust formation. The contracting cooling cloud is a venue for molecule formation and
the sequential condensation of solid particles, starting from mineral grains at high temperatures to ice particles at lower
temperatures, Water-ice becomes thermodynamically stable between 7 and 15 My after the initial onset of collapse, and
contraction to form a solid icy core begins shortly thereafter. The icy planet core, which includes a fraction of
radioactive nuclides, 26Al and 60Fe, melts through interior heating. We show, using heat conduction calculations, that the
interior domains remain liquid for tens of My for 300km and 1000km objects, but not for 30 or 50km objects. Initially
planets are separated by relatively short distances, measured in tens to hundreds of AU, because of the high density of
the early universe. Thus exchanges of materials, organic molecules and evolving templates could readily occur
providing optimal conditions for an initial origin of life. The condensation of solid molecular hydrogen as an extended
outer crust takes place much later in the collapse history of the protoplanet. When the object has shrunk to several times
the radius of Jupiter, the hydrogen partial pressure exceeds the saturation vapour pressure of solid hydrogen at the
ambient temperature and condensation occurs.
A key result of hydrogravitational dynamics cosmology relevant to astrobiology is the early
formation of vast numbers of hot primordial-gas planets in million-solar-mass clumps as the dark
matter of galaxies and the hosts of first life. Photon viscous forces in the expanding universe of the
turbulent big bang prevent fragmentations of the plasma for mass scales smaller than protogalaxies.
At the plasma to gas transition 300,000 years after the big bang, the 107 decrease in kinematic
viscosity ν explains why ~3x107 planets are observed to exist per star in typical galaxies like the
Milky Way, not eight or nine. Stars form by a binary accretional cascade from Earth-mass
primordial planets to progressively larger masses that collect and recycle the stardust chemicals of
life produced when stars overeat and explode. The astonishing complexity of molecular biology
observed on Earth is possible to explain only if enormous numbers of primordial planets and their
fragments have hosted the formation and wide scattering of the seeds of life virtually from the
beginning of time. Geochemical and biological evidence suggests that life on Earth appears at the
earliest moment it can survive, in highly evolved forms with complexity requiring a time scale in
excess of the age of the galaxy. This is quite impossible within standard cold-dark-matter
cosmology where planets are relatively recent, rare and cold, completely lacking mechanisms for
intergalactic transport of life forms.
During fall periods in 2002, 2003 and 2004 three major oceanographic expeditions were carried out
in Mamala Bay, Hawaii. These were part of the RASP Remote Anthropogenic Sensing Program.
Ikonos and Quickbird optical satellite images of sea surface glint revealed ≈100 m spectral
anomalies in km2 averaging patches in regions leading from the Honolulu Sand Island Municipal
Outfall diffuser to distances up to 20 km. To determine the mechanisms behind this phenomenon,
the RASP expeditions monitored the waters adjacent to the outfall with an array of hydrographic,
optical and turbulence microstructure sensors in anomaly and ambient background regions. Drogue
tracks and mean turbulence parameters for 2 × 104 microstructure patches were analyzed to
understand complex turbulence, fossil turbulence and zombie turbulence near-vertical internal wave
transport processes. The dominant mechanism appears to be generic to stratified natural fluids
including planet and star atmospheres and is termed beamed zombie turbulence maser action
(BZTMA). Most of the bottom turbulent kinetic energy is converted to ≈ 100 m fossil turbulence
waves. These activate secondary (zombie) turbulence in outfall fossil turbulence patches that
transmit heat, mass, chemical species, momentum and information vertically to the sea surface for
detection in an efficient maser action. The transport is beamed in intermittent mixing chimneys.
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