Optical design, together with applied optics, forms a complete system from basic theory to application theory, and it plays a very important role in professional education. In order to improve senior undergraduates' understanding of optical design, this course is divided into three parts: theoretical knowledge, software design and product processing. Through learning theoretical knowledge, students can master the aberration theory and the design principles of typical optical system. By using ZEMAX(an imaging design software), TRACEPRO(a lighting optical design software), SOLIDWORKS or PROE( mechanical design software), student can establish a complete model of optical system. Student can use carving machine located in lab or cooperative units to process the model. Through the above three parts, student can learn necessary practical knowledge and get improved in their learning and analysis abilities, thus they can also get enough practice to prompt their creative abilities, then they could gradually change from scientific theory learners to an Optics Engineers.
The objective of this work was to attain essential parameters by using a Gompertz model that employed a new approach of wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) to describe the microorganism growth. The measurement method of WMS introduces noninvasive technique instead of complicated invasive microorganism operation analysis and quickly obtains the accurate real-time measurement results. By using the WMS measurement, the specific growth curve of microorganism growth clearly displayed every three minute, which has characteristics of high sensitivity, high spectral resolution, fast time response and overcomes the randomness and error operation of traditional analysis methods. The measurement value of BF and AF in the range of 1.008 to 1.043 and the lower MSE showed that Gompertz model can fit the data well and be capable of describing bacteria growth rate and lag time. The results of experiment data suggested that the specific growth rate of microorganism depends on the temperature. With the increase of temperature ranging from 25 °C to 42 °C , the lag time of bacteria growth has been shortened. And the suitable temperature of bacteria growth is about 37 °C . Judging from the growth rate of microorganisms, we can identify the microbial species, not only to improve the precision and efficiency, but also to provides a rapidly sensitive way for microbial detection. The lag time of microorganism growth also provides a great application prospect for shelf life of the food safety.
High-resolution absorption measurements of H2O using direct absorption spectroscopy technology
were made to acquire the spectroscopic parameters of High Resolution Transmission Molecular
Absorption Database (HITRAN database). The most important spectral parameters frequently used in
the researchers and study, was calculated from the integrated absorbance area of H2O at the different
temperature from 296K to 923K of the spectrum near 1397nm based on the distributed feedback laser.
From the result of experiment, the calculated spectral parameters was compared with the literature
values from HITRAN database. The method and results of the measurement obtained from this paper
are expected to be helpful in the supply of the sufficient accuracy spectral parameters in the practical
measurement.
A new iterative method for creating a pure phase hologram to diffract light into two arbitrary two-dimensional intensity profiles in two output planes is presented. This new method combines the Gerchberg-Saxton (GS) iterative algorithm and the compensation iterative algorithm. Numerical simulation indicates that the new method outperforms the most frequently used method in accuracy when it is used to generate large size images. A preliminary experiment of optical reconstruction has been taken and used to verify the feasibility of our method.
We describe a simple, reliable, and reproducible fabrication technique for a high-order spiral phase plate with high
power efficiency 86%. The performance of the fabricated Spiral Phase Plate (SPP) is verified by using vortex
characteristics of fraunhofer and fresnel diffractions of a finite-radius plane wave, which is in agreement with the
theoretical calculation result.
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a promising technique for in situ environmental analysis. The potential
of this technique for accurate quantitative analysis of heavy metals in soil could be greatly improved by optimized the
time delay, laser energy, working distance, et. and by analyzing the results with a procedure which overcomes the
problem related to the physical character of soil sample. A LIBS system for soil analysis is reported here. The optimum
experimental conditions for quantitatively measurement of Sr and other heavy metals in soil are presented. A new data
acquisition and statistical method has been used to analyze the recorded spectra. The precision of this method, in terms
of relative standard deviation (RSD), is of 7 % for Sr I 460.73 nm. The calibration curve for quantitative measurement of
Sr has been built. From the calibration curves, the detection limits of Sr in soil were determined to be 15.0 µg/g, and are
better than the data reported in literature.
Micro-vibration or displacement measurement is very important in modern industrial fields, especially for the
micro electrical and mechanical system (MEMS). An optical fiber sensor was proposed to measure the micro-vibration or displacement based on a novel fiber Bragg grating pair, in which one of the
gratings is written in the fiber cladding and the other is written in the fiber core, however the positions of the two grating are staggered. Because the reflection spectrum of this structural grating is much sharper than that of ordinary grating, the special reflection spectrum of the fiber Bragg grating pair is used, resulting in a high measurement sensitivity. Theoretical analysis of the fiber Bragg grating pair and micro-vibration or displacement measurement principle with the experimental setup (Micro-vibration is measured by this grating pair, while this grating pair is demodulated by ordinary grating) are introduced in this paper.
With the fast development of fiber technology, a lot of new type fibers come out one after another. As the fiber core materials of these new type fibers are not as the traditional pure quartz, if we want to find out the new characteristics of these new type fibers quantitatively, we must know its valid elastic-optic constants, so how to mearsure accurately or calculate valid elastic-optic constants of these new type fibers are the questions we are facing and we must solve them exactly. Plenty of fiber cores of the new type are adulterated, and some material characteristic parameters have no interrelated formula, so someone can only gain them by experiments. There are few literatures published about detecting valid elastic-optic constants. The common method is comparison measuring with piezoelectricity crystal, which is operated complexly and the precision is not high. So this method is not suitable to measure the thin fiber. This paper reports a new method to mearsure fibers valid elastic-optic constants using a temperature referrence FBG, a sensing FBG and a kind of material with known expansion coefficient. We also establish a experimental system, the result of experiment proves that the system can solve the existent cross sensitive problem which caused by temperature and strain effectively. Measurement error is smaller than 1.3%. In addition, this text also points out two other measurement methods in use of FBG combining fiber interferometer and general Michelson interferometer.
Monitoring of water quality is essential to modern life. Not only is it a major factor in safeguarding public health, high quality freshwater is also a key input in agriculture and many industrial process. A preliminary prototype for hydrogen peroxide content in water is setup and introduced. Based on the detection of beam deviation due to the refractive index changes of the aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, hydrogen peroxide content can be measured by a position-sensitive detector. Measurement principle is theoretically described. Experimental results indicate the feasibility of the developed system. Not like intensity-modulated refractive index sensor which necessitates a stable light source, this sensor exploits the beam deviation due to optical refraction at the receiving end face of the measurement cell, which is caused by changes in refractive index with different hydrogen peroxide content in water. Hydrogen peroxide content measurement resolution can reach about 0.01% within the measurement range from distilled water to hydrogen peroxide content of 30%.
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