Chris Xu is the IBM Chair Professor of Engineering, Cornell University. He currently serves as the Director of School of Applied and Engineering Physics, the Mong Family Foundation Director of Cornell Neurotech – Engineering, and the Director of Cornell NeuroNex Hub, an NSF funded center for developing neurotechnology. His research areas are fiber optics and biomedical imaging, with major thrusts in multiphoton microscopy for deep brain imaging, multiphoton microendoscopy for clinical applications, and fiber-based devices and systems for telecommunications and optical imaging. Prior to Cornell, he was a Member of Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories. His main research focus at Bell Labs was on nonlinear imaging of semiconductor devices, fiber optics, and optical communications, including broadband access and ultralong haul transmission. He received his Ph.D. in Applied Physics, Cornell University, and his B.S. in Physics from Fudan University. Dr. Xu has chaired or served on numerous conference organization committees and NSF/NIH review panels. He currently serves on the NIH NEI External Scientific Oversight Committee of the Audacious Goal Initiative and the OSA Biomedical Congress Strategic Planning Committee. He served as Associate Editor for Biomedical Optics Express, and is on the editorial boards of several journals. He has published 8 book chapters and more than 150 journal papers (> 12,000 total citations, ISI Web of Science), and contributed more than 170 conference papers. He has delivered over 300 invited conference presentations, research seminars, and outreach talks. He holds 25 patents on optical communications and imaging. He has won the NSF CAREER award, Bell Labs team research award, and the Tau Beta Pi and two other teaching awards from Cornell Engineering College. He received Cornell Engineering Research Excellence Award in 2017. He is a fellow of the National Academy of Inventors, and a fellow of the Optical Society of America.
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Dual color, high resolution 2P autofluorescence imaging probe with custom designed excitation optics
Multiphoton microscopy is an established technique for deep in vivo neuroimaging. However, the volume of the adult brain in most model organisms (e.g. mouse) is beyond the reach of high resolution optical imaging techniques, limiting the study of neurobiological questions in adulthood. Danionella, a genus closely related to zebrafish, which have smaller brains and lack ossification above the brain in adulthood have been introduced for in vivo studying of brain circuits in adult stages. Here, we present a quantitative comparison of optical accessibility within the Danionella dracula brain with two- and three-photon microscopy.
We demonstrate that the entire brain of this animal is optically accessible in adulthood by imaging fluorescently-labeled vasculature throughout the deepest part of the brain. While both two- and three-photon microscopy can penetrate through the entire brain, images obtained by three-photon microscopy maintain higher contrast and optical sectioning in deeper regions. To determine the source of low signal to background ratio in the deep images we characterized the distribution of blood vessels to find the staining density in the brain and compared our findings to theoretical expectations of signal to background ratio as a function of depth in multiphoton microscopy. We found that low quality of images in not just due to background generation. Optical aberrations due to tissue inhomogeneity in the cone of light likely play a role in low image quality of the deeper regions. We also demonstrate longitudinal imaging enabled by the non-invasive nature of multiphoton microscopy.
In vivo label-free confocal imaging of adult mouse brain up to 1.3-mm depth with NIR-II illumination
This course provides attendees with a basic knowledge of fiber optic communication systems. The course covers (i) Building blocks of optical communication systems such as transmitters, receivers, transmission fibers, and amplifiers. (ii) Fundamental considerations in system design including signal to noise ratio, fiber nonlinearity, chromatic dispersion, polarization mode dispersion, modulation formats, etc. (iii) the latest developments in high data rate, high spectral efficiency optical communication systems. Many practical and useful examples are included throughout. You will gain a working knowledge of fiber optic communications from this course.
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