Dr. Christopher W. Gladden Profile

Dr. Christopher W. Gladden

at Glint Photonics Inc

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Publications (2)

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Proceedings Article | 9 November 2016 Presentation

Macroscale transformation optics enabled by photoelectrochemical etching of silicon (Conference Presentation)

David Barth, Christopher Gladden, Alessandro Salandrino, Kevin O'Brien, Ziliang Ye, Michael Mrejen, Yuan Wang, Xiang Zhang

Proceedings Volume 9918, 99180B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2238284

KEYWORDS: Silicon, Optical components, Refractive index, Etching, Electromagnetism, Optical design, Optical properties, Visible radiation, Dielectrics, GRIN lenses

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Transformation optics provides a powerful tool for controlling electromagnetic fields and designing novel optical devices. In practice, devices designed by this method often require material optical properties that cannot be achieved at visible or near IR light wavelengths. The conformal transformation technique can relax this requirement to isotropic dielectrics with gradient refractive indices. However, there are few effective methods for achieving large arbitrary refractive index gradients at large scales, so the limitation for building transformation optical devices is still in fabrication. Here we present a photoelectrochemical (PEC) silicon etching technique that provides a simple and effective way to fully control the macro scale profiles of refractive indices by structuring porous silicon on the nanoscale. This work is, to our knowledge, the first demonstration of using light to control porosity in p-type silicon. We demonstrate continuous index variation from n = 1.1 to 2, a range sufficient for many transformation optical devices. These patterned porous layers can then be lifted off of the bulk silicon substrate and transferred to other substrates, including patterned or curved substrates, which allows for the fabrication of three dimensional or other more complicated device designs. We use this technique to demonstrate a gradient index parabolic lens with dimensions on the order of millimeters, which derives its properties from the distribution of nanoscale pores in silicon.

Proceedings Article | 11 September 2010 Paper

Semiconductor plasmon laser

Volker Sorger, Rupert Oulton, Thomas Zentgraf, Renmin Ma, Christopher Gladden, Lun Dai, Guy Bartal, Xiang Zhang

Proceedings Volume 7757, 77570U (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.859136

KEYWORDS: Plasmonics, Semiconductor lasers, Plasmons, Semiconductors, Diffraction, Cadmium sulfide, Metals, Laser optics, Excitons, Nanowires

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Laser science has tackled physical limitations to achieve higher power, faster and smaller light sources. The quest for ultra-compact laser that can directly generate coherent optical fields at the nano-scale, far beyond the diffraction limit of light, remains a key fundamental challenge. Microscopic lasers based on photonic crystals3, metal clad cavities4 and nanowires can now reach the diffraction limit, which restricts both the optical mode size and physical device dimension to be larger than half a wavelength. While surface plasmons are capable of tightly localizing light, ohmic loss at optical frequencies has inhibited the realization of truly nano-scale lasers. Recent theory has proposed a way to significantly reduce plasmonic loss while maintaining ultra-small modes by using a hybrid plasmonic waveguide. Using this approach, we report an experimental demonstration of nano-scale plasmonic lasers producing optical modes 100 times smaller than the diffraction limit, utilizing a high gain Cadmium Sulphide semiconductor nanowire atop a Silver surface separated by a 5 nm thick insulating gap. Direct measurements of emission lifetime reveal a broad-band enhancement of the nanowire's exciton spontaneous emission rate up to 6 times due to the strong mode confinement and the signature of apparently threshold-less lasing. Since plasmonic modes have no cut-off, we show downscaling of the lateral dimensions of both device and optical mode. As these optical coherent sources approach molecular and electronics length scales, plasmonic lasers offer the possibility to explore extreme interactions between light and matter, opening new avenues in active photonic circuits, bio-sensing and quantum information technology.

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