We discuss a method for estimating net primary production for the south territory of Altai Krai (Western Siberia, Russia) according to ECOSTRESS radiometer data, which makes it possible to obtain results with a spatial res olution of 70 m. The results of processing ECOSTRESS data for the steppe and forest land cover types of the region, including experimental sites, where carbon polygons are planned to be created in the Altai Krai, are presented. Quantitative estimates of the region's net primary production have been obtained.
The paper presents the results of the development of a regression model for reconstruction of the total methane content [CH4] in the atmosphere according to the data from AIRS hyperspectrometer of the Aqua satellite. The information basis of the study is the results of the chemical transport model MOZART-4 modified by the authors for the period 2001-2020. It is shown that the proposed model, which accepts only AIRS L2 products as input, provides reconstruction with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.94 and a standard deviation σ = 6.2 ppb. A comparison of the reconstruction results with the observations of the TCCON network of ground-based stations in Europe showed a satisfactory agreement between the results of the developed model and measurements. Using the proposed method, the rate of change of the total methane content in the atmosphere of Western Siberia in 2003-2022 was estimated, which is equal to 5.5 ± 0.2 ppb/year.
Terrestrial gross primary production (GPP) is the quantitative equivalent of the total amount of carbon assimilated by vegetation through photosynthesis. The GPP is crucial element for understanding land-atmosphere carbon exchange. In recent years, solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) observed by satellite radiometers has been considered as a new approach to advance research on monitoring of GPP from space. In this paper we presents quantitative estimates of the terrestrial gross primary production for the region of the south of Western Siberia (50º-55 º N, 75º -90º E) obtained using “sun-induced chlorophyll fluorescence” data products from orbital carbon observatories OCO-2 and OCO-3. The analysis of OCO-2 data was carried out for the period 2014-2021, the results of OCO-3 were added to processing from 2019. It was established that GPP reaches a maximum in the summer months and is ~10 − 12 gC m-2day-1.
The behavior of the total carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere of the south of Western Siberia (48°–53° N, 60°– 90° E) has been studied using data from the orbital carbon observatories OCO-2 and OCO-3. OCO-2 data analysis was carried out for the period 2014-2021, OCO-3 results have been added to processing since 2019. To describe the seasonal cycle of CO2 content in the atmosphere of the region, we use an empirical model that was proposed for the interpretation of GOSAT satellite data and verified by the results of measurements of TCCON the global network of ground stations. It was found that for the studied period the increase rate of CO2 in the atmosphere of the region is about 2.48 ppm/year, and the amplitude of seasonal fluctuations is about 9.3 ppm. The possibility of applying satellite data with sufficient precision, coverage, and resolution to support of works on the carbon polygons in the south of Western Siberia was analyzed.
The analysis results of the interannual variability of extremal wind gust frequency in the South of Western Siberia (49-55 N; 77-88 E) for winter period (December-February) of 2000-2021 are presented. Estimates for Vmax were obtained using the widely-accepted method of synoptic meteorology, which is based on wind field data on an isobaric surface of 850 GPa. It was found that the implemented method is more consistent with ground -based observations than the estimate of ERA5 reanalysis. It is found that the rise in wind gusts with Vmax < 18 m/s is associated with the decrease of Arctic Ocean ice cover area, which is observed in the autumn period. Winter periods with the high frequency of gusts are characterized by maximum snow reserves, as well as positive aggregative index of Arctic oscillations.
We present a technology and results of estimation of methane emission by oil industry enterprises in Western Siberia in 2019. The experimental basis of the work is the results of satellite observations. It is established that methane emission from combustion of associated petroleum gas in flare units in Western Siberia is about 0.3 Tg. This result is based on the previously obtained information on the characteristics of flare units according to VIIRS/Suomi-NPP data. This information also allowed us to determine the locations of the petroleum industry sites in Western Siberia. TROPOMI Sentinel–5 Precurcor and NCEP-DOE AMIP-II Reanalysis (R-2) data were used to estimate methane emission by the oil industry enterprises in Western Siberia, which can reach 3.1 Tg.
We consider the simulation system for modeling the AIRS/Aqua channels readings. The key element of the system is the Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model (LBLRTM), which allows to calculate the intensity of the outgoing radiation with high spectral resolution (up to 0.001 cm-1). The results of simulations of the IR atmospheric sounder AIRS/Aqua readings for nighttime cloudless AIRS pixels in the area of the Atlantic Ocean are presented. Verification of the simulation system has been performed. Also we discuss the results of the “tuning” procedure designed to exclude systematic errors associated with an uncertainty of setting the optical and thermodynamic properties of the atmosphere.
We study the annual cycle and interannual variability of the intensity of outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) in Western Siberia region for the period 2003-2018 as observed by AIRS/Aqua. It is established that the OLR intensity anomalies rate of change in the study period varies from -0.30 W/(m2 year) and +0.14 W/(m2 year) for the cloudy atmosphere and from -0.23 W/(m2 year) to +0.17 W/(m2 year) – for the cloudless one. Simultaneous analysis of the OLR data and the surface temperature and water vapor distributions showed that the variation of OLR in 2003-2018 in Western Siberia was mainly caused by changes in surface temperature.
Anatoly Lagutin, Nikolay Volkov, Andrey Zhukov, Svetlana Zelenina, Konstantin Makushev, Alexander Maslov, Egor Mordvin, Roman Raikin, Vladimir Sinitsin, Ivan Shmakov
We discuss a problem of cloud cover monitoring in the areas of Yakutsk EAS array and TAIGA observatory at nighttime during annual observations from October to April. It is shown, that utilization of data from instruments aboard Terra, Aqua, SNPP and NOAA-20 satellites, received by ground stations of Altai State University and processed up to level 2 (retrieval of geophysical parameters of atmosphere), provides an opportunity to carry out monitoring observations of cloud cover structure at night-time with high spatial resolution and frequency which is sufficient to make cloud correction of detector arrays readings.
Variations of temperature profile of the atmosphere at the locations of Yakutsk EAS array and TAIGA observatory are investigated. Using data from hyperspectrometer AIRS onboard the Aqua satellite, a base of daily temperature profiles has been created for the period September, 2016 – December, 2017. Analysis of variations of the average temperature in the layer ~ 300 hPa above the observation level for the period from November 1st, 2016 to March 31st, 2017 is presented.
The interannual variability and rate of change of the total methane content in the atmosphere are studied in the Western Siberia zone (45°-65° N, 60°-90°E), which covers almost all the wetland complexes of the region, over the period 2003- 2017. The retrieval of the gas content was carried out using the regression model constructed by the authors and the data of the AIRS hyperspectrometer of the Aqua satellite. It was found that the total methane content has winter (January/February) and summer (July-September) peaks in each annual cycle for the period considered. It is shown that the content of methane in the atmosphere increased at a rate of ~ 3.3 ppb/year during this period.
We investigate an effect of global climate system change on climate of Altai region. It is shown that a data of the RegCM4 regional climate model, obtained for contemporary and future periods, within an approach which is based on standard Euclidean distance, allows to define specific zones in which climate change is forecasted. Such zones have been defined for the Altai region territory within the framework of global radiative forcing scenarios RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 for the middle of XXI century.
The sensitivity of satellite thermal infrared hyperspectrometer readings to variations of the atmospheric gas constituent amounts is considered. It is shown that the differential sensitivity coefficients of the instrument channels to variations in the density of the gas of interest is expressed through the mass absorption coefficient of this gas and an universal function which is determined by the intensities of the outgoing radiation for the unperturbed atmosphere. The numerical values of the universal function, as well as the methane and ozone differential sensitivity coefficients for the AIRS/Aqua channels, obtained with the use of Line-By-Line Radiative Transfer Model, are presented.
Seasonal cycle and interannual variability of methane content in the mid-upper troposphere has been investigated over Western Siberia domain in 2003-2015. This region concentrates significant sources of CH4 of both natural (wetland) and anthropogenic (gas and oil extraction and distribution) types. The study was based on the measurements of the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AIRS/AMSU) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. It was found that mixing ratio of methane has a maximum in winter (January-February) and in summer-autumn (July- September) in every year cycle for the period mentioned above. It was shown that methane content in mid-upper troposphere over Western Siberia increased with the rate of ~4.7 ppbv/yr in this period.
Validation results of the atmospheric and radiation blocks of the Regional Climate Model version 4 (RegCM4) coupled with the Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) over Western Siberia for 1995-2015 are presented. Model validity was verified by comparing results of RegCM4/CLM4.5 modeling system, driven by the Era-Interim reanalysis, with the global archive of the Climatic Research Unit (CRU3.23) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) observed by the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder/Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AIRS/AMSU) aboard NASA's Aqua satellite. It was found that for annual T2m air temperature and annual precipitation anomalies model bias is 0.5-0.8 °С and 15- 20 %, respectively. OLR model and the AIRS/AMSU-Aqua observations minimal difference about 1-5 W/m2 is in the summer and fall months. In the winter and spring months this difference may reach 10-15 W/m2.
Interannual variability of methane (CH4) emission from wetland ecosystems of Western Siberia in 2000-2050 has been investigated. Calculations of CH4 emission were performed using an approach, in which the total daily methane flux was determined by degree days of the soil and its moisture content as well as available supply of organic substance. Required characteristics of the soil were obtained using the Community Land Model (CLM4.5), coupled with the Regional Climate Model (RegCM4). The model was driven by the data of NCEP-DOE Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project reanalysis (NCEP-DOE AMIP-II (R2)) and Hadley Global Environment Model 2 - Earth System (HadGEM2- ES) within the Representative Concentration Pathway 4.5 (RCP 4.5) and RCP 8.5 radiative forcing scenarios as initial and lateral boundary conditions. It was found that the average value of the emission in 2000-2013 is 4.34 Tg/yr. Expected increase of methane emission in 2041-2050 relative to the 2001-2010 period is 0.58 Tg/yr with 0.18±0.06 Tg/10 yrs trend for the RCP 8.5 scenario. For the scenario RCP 4.5, increase of methane emission is negligible.
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