The aim of present paper is to present the latest results on investigations of the carbon thin film deposited by
Thermionic Vacuum Arc (TVA) method and laser pyrolysis. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray generated Auger electron spectroscopy (XAES) were used to determine composition and sp2 to sp3 ratios in the outer
layers of the film surfaces. The analyses were conducted in a Thermoelectron ESCALAB 250 electron spectrometer
equipped with a hemispherical sector energy analyser. Monochromated Al K X-radiation was employed for the XPS
examination, at source excitation energy of 15 KeV and emission current of 20 mA. Analyzer pass energy of 20 eV with
step size of 0.1 eV and dwell time of 100 ms was used throughout.
The structural properties and morphology of ZnO nanoparticles obtained by hydrothermal method were studied. ZnO
samples were obtained by hydrothermal method, in soft synthesis conditions, temperature of solution about 70°C, in
presence of a bidentate ligand or a tensioactive agent. The resulted oxides morphologies were compared with the
morphologies of ZnO samples obtained in absence of ligands or tensioactive agents. Samples present a hexagonal phase
of ZnO with lattice parameters about a=0.32nm and c=0.5nm, values confirmed by XRD measurements. Morphological
properties are studied using bright field images, measuring the nanoparticles diameter and nanopellets size.
Fluids with magnetic characteristics have important values for today applications. This fluids, so called
ferrofluids or magnetic fluids are in general formed by small nanoparticles with mean diameters about 10 nm
and a carrier liquid. In our work we present nanopowders obtained by laser pyrolysis, which have
characteristics for magnetic fluids applications. The important feature of powder was determined by means of
XRD and electron microscopy techniques. The nanopowders have sizes distributed in interval from 2 nm to
10 nm. The high resolution images exhibits single particles with magnetic monodomain. Also, we investigate
nanoparticles for defects. The nanoparticles forms nanoclusters, and high resolution image show adjacent
particles without interface, the coupling mode is only magnetic not chemical. The powders are composed by
magnetite and maghemite phase determined from XRD data, and confirmed by SAED and HRTEM work. The cell parameter calculated from the (220), (311), (511) (440) peaks of sample SF32 is 0.835 nm equal to
the maghemite cell parameter.
Carbon-made materials have been the field of major discoveries with the identification of new phases, which have
stimulated a huge effort to understand their properties. Laser pyrolysis of hydrocarbons is based on a high temperature
C/H/O/... system of well-established composition and allows obtaining carbon nanostructures from the almost
amorphous carbon and particles with a turbostratic structure up to those characterized by a high degree of curvature. The
variation of the gas composition and experimental parameters controls the final particle morphology providing useful
functional properties. Gas-phase hydrocarbons were used either in resonant or non-resonant laser pyrolysis processes.
The formation of different nanostructures is related to the presence of heteroatom in the reactants. Focusing, in the
context of necessary presence of this heteroatom in the gas composition, on the present questions concerning the rational
synthesis of nanostructures with controlled dimensionality, size and potentially properties, the work presents some
significant changes in soot morphology produced by the variation of the experimental parameters and these, sometimes
unavoidable, heterogeneous atoms.
We describe our low spectral resolution Raman system that allows us to directly appreciate the quality of YBa2Cu3O7-δ
(YBCO) films, obtained by pulsed laser deposition on LaAlO3 substrate. We identify the basic features of YBCO films'
spectral fingerprints, validated by high spectral resolution analysis, described in previous reports. This fast and nondestructive
valuable analytical tool functions at a convenient time and environment after deposition.
Because of their quantum-scale dimensions, nanoparticles exhibit properties different from those of the bulk. As a result
of their unique properties, numerous efforts have been made to disperse nanoparticles in polymers to enhance or modify
their structural and magnetic properties. A new in situ synthesis method was used to incorporate small iron nanoparticles
into a polyoxocarbosilane polymer matrix. Nano-magnetic iron-based composites were obtained by a one-step procedure
consisting of the IR laser co-pyrolysis of a sensitized (with ethylene) gaseous mixture containing gaseous iron
pentacarbonyl and hexamethyldisiloxane in argon. The simultaneously occurring formation of iron from iron
pentacarbonyl and that of organosilicon polymer from hexamethyldisiloxane yield iron nanoparticles surrounded by an
organosilicon polymer shell. The particles become superficially oxidized in the atmosphere. They were characterized by
Raman analysis, electron microscopy and magnetic measurements. The properties of the nanocomposite particles depend
on the experimental synthesis parameters such as flow rates of precursors, total pressure and laser power. Magnetization
curves, exchange bias Hex at T = 5 K and AC susceptibility were studied in the temperature range 5-400 K. It was found
that the nanocomposite should be in a ferromagnetic blocked state with a minor superparamagnetic contribution of the
smallest nanoparticles.
Multiphase composite nanoparticles presenting core-shell structures have been investigated by performing a detailed correlation between their synthesis parameters and the structural and magnetic properties. Basically in all the experiments iron pentacarbonyl as iron precursor and ethylene as laser energy transfer agent and as a secondary carbon source have been used. The capability of the synthesis technique to form nanocomposite particles by varying laser power density, inlet geometry, pressure in reactor chamber and gas precursors' ratio was tested. The results proved that the laser
pyrolysis can produce particles between 4 and 10 nm diameters. Their sizes may vary according to the reactor pressure and gas flows but their size distributions remain sharp as long as an optimized geometry of the reactor is used. As a second step, the structure and magnetic properties were studied by different techniques such as TEM, HREM, SAED, XRD, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The investigations reveal that, depending on the input parameters, some samples exhibit a nanocomposite structure consisting of iron / iron carbides (Fe3C or Fe2C5) core wrapped in a shell of amorphous or turbostratic carbon. The different magnetic phase identification was performed using Mossbauer spectroscopy and thermo-magnetic analysis.
TiO2 nano powder was prepared by laser pyrolysis of gas phase reactants. TiCl4 (vapor) was used as titanium precursor. The crystalline structures and morphologies of the powder have been analyzed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAD) and Raman spectrometry. The different characterization techniques suggest that a nano-crystalline mixture of anatase and rutile is obtained.
Laser pyrolysis of a hydrocarbon-based mixture is a continuous method for the synthesis of soot-containing fullerene. In this synthesis process, the mechanism of fullerene formation and soot is the radical mechanism of the PAH formation. In the flames producing both fullerenes and soot, exactly forming carbon cages require particular types of reaction sequences. The fullerene concentrations are strongly correlated with those of PAHs in the flame. The equilibrium soot-PAHs-fullerene is dependent on experimental parameters. FTIR spectra of soot extracts and exhaust gases are discussed in the frame of this dependence.
Soots obtained by laser pyrolysis of different gaseous/vapor hydrocarbons were investigated. The morphology variation of carbon soot versus process parameters and nature of reactants was analyzed and discussed. The role of oxygen is essential in obtaining soot particles having considerable curved-layer content.
The embedding of Fe-based nanoparticles in carbon layers allows novel physical and catalyzing properties due to inertness and resistance to external detrimental conditions. We have prepared almost spherical carbon encapsulated iron nanoparticles with narrow size distribution, via laser co-pyrolysis method in which the CW CO2 laser beam irradiates a gas mixture containing iron pentacarbonyl (vapors) and ethylene/acetylene hydrocarbons. Specific flow geometries were used in order to synthesize iron particle first followed by stimulate hydrocarbon decomposition at iron surfaces. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy images reveal the core-shell feature of synthesized nanostructures with around 2 nm thick carbon layers and 3-7 nm diameters iron-based core dimensions. The mean diameter could be experimentally controlled. It was found a decreasing trend of particle size with the decreasing of pressure and total reactant gas flow. EELS, EDAX and Raman spectroscopy analysis confirm the simultaneous presence of carbon and iron. The nanoparticles were seeded onto Si wafer and further used as substrates for laser induced CVD carbon nanotubes growth. Depending on laser power density, nanotubes or nanofibres are formed, in strong dependence with the location of iron based nanoparticles on Si substrates as revealed by SEM analysis.
Iron-carbon composite nanopowders have been synthesized by the CO2 laser pyrolysis of gas-phase reactants. The experimental device allows for a very low reaction time and a rapid freezing that creates nanoscale-condensed particles. Iron pentacarbonyl and ethylene-acetylene mixtures were used as iron and carbon precursors. In a two-steps experiment, the reaction products may present themselves as iron-based nanoparticles dispersed in a carbon matrix. By a careful control of experimental parameters and radiation geometries we demonstrate the feasibility of an efficient and well-controlled, single-step technique for the production of iron-based nano-cores embedded in carbon layers. Highly dispersed nanoparticles, narrow size distributions and particles with about 4.5 - 6 nm mean diameters were obtained. Electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy were used in order to analyze the structure and composition of the obtained nanopowders as well as their Soxhlet residue.
Access to the requested content is limited to institutions that have purchased or subscribe to SPIE eBooks.
You are receiving this notice because your organization may not have SPIE eBooks access.*
*Shibboleth/Open Athens users─please
sign in
to access your institution's subscriptions.
To obtain this item, you may purchase the complete book in print or electronic format on
SPIE.org.
INSTITUTIONAL Select your institution to access the SPIE Digital Library.
PERSONAL Sign in with your SPIE account to access your personal subscriptions or to use specific features such as save to my library, sign up for alerts, save searches, etc.