The Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey (Ariel), selected as ESA’s fourth mediumclass mission in the Cosmic Vision program, is set to launch in 2029. The objective of the study is to conduct spectroscopic observations of approximately one thousand exoplanetary atmospheres for better understanding the planetary system formation and evolution and identifying a clear link between the characteristics of an exoplanet and those of its parent star.
The realization of the Ariel’s telescope is a challenging task that is still ongoing. It is an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (M1 parabola, M2 hyperbola) followed by a re-collimating off-axis parabola (M3) and a plane fold mirror (M4). It is made of Al 6061 and designed to operate at visible and infrared wavelengths. The mirrors of the telescope will be coated with protected silver, qualified to operate at cryogenic temperatures.
The qualification of the coating was performed according to the ECSS Q-ST-70-17C standard, on a set of samples that have been stored in ISO 6 cleanroom conditions and are subjected to periodic inspection and reflectance measurements to detect any potential performance degradation. The samples consist of a set of Aluminum alloy Al 6061-T651 disks coated with protected silver.
This paper presents the results of the morphological characterization of the samples based on Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and the reflectivity measurement in the infrared by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy.
ARIEL is ESA’s fourth medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision program, is scheduled for launch in 2029. The telescope aims to conduct an expansive, unbiased spectroscopic survey, unraveling the complexities of exoplanet atmospheres and interiors to better comprehend the key factors influencing planetary system formation and evolution. The baseline payload features an off-axis Cassegrain telescope (M1-M2), a collimating off-axis parabola (M3), and a plane folding mirror (M4) channeling the collimated beam into two instrument modules. ARIEL’s capabilities span primary and secondary transit spectroscopy (1.10 to 7.80μm), broad-band photometry in the Optical (0.50 − 0.80μm) and Near IR (0.80 − 1.10μm) ranges, and a Fine Guidance System. This work will focus on M1, an aluminum mirror with an unobscured elliptical shape of size 1100 x 730mm. The Surface Error budget for M1 covers low and mid spatial frequencies. The work describes the manufacturing process of the mirror, the method used to quantify surface roughness, the characterization of MSF errors, and the study of the degradation of the system performance due to MSF errors.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is ESA’s M4 mission of the “Cosmic Vision” program, with launch scheduled for 2029. Its purpose is to conduct a survey of the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. Ariel is based on a 1 m class telescope optimized for spectroscopy in the waveband between 1.95 and 7.8 µm, operating at cryogenic temperatures in the range 40–50 K. The Ariel Telescope is an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain design, with a parabolic recollimating tertiary mirror and a flat folding mirror directing the output beam parallel to the optical bench. The secondary mirror is mounted on a roto-translating stage for adjustments during the mission. The mirrors and supporting structures are all realized in an aerospace-grade aluminum alloy T6061 for ease of manufacturing and thermalization. The low stiffness of the material, however, poses unique challenges to integration and alignment. Care must be therefore employed when designing and planning the assembly and alignment procedures, necessarily performed at room temperature and with gravity, and the optical performance tests at cryogenic temperatures. This paper provides a high-level description of the Assembly, Integration and Test (AIT) plan for the Ariel telescope and gives an overview of the analyses and reasoning that led to the specific choices and solutions adopted.
ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing InfraRed Large-survey) is the fourth medium-class mission (M4) of the European Space Agency, part of the Cosmic Vision program, whose launch is planned by late 2029. ARIEL aims to study the composition of exoplanet atmospheres, their formation and evolution. The ARIEL’s target will be a sample of about 1000 planets observed with one or more of the following methods: transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy, in both visible and infrared light. The scientific payload is composed by a reflective telescope having a 1m-class elliptical primary mirror, built in solid Aluminum, and two focal-plane instruments: FGS and AIRS. FGS (Fine Guidance System)3 has the double purpose of performing photometry (0.50-0.55 µm) and low resolution spectrometry over three bands (from 0.8 to 1.95 µm) and, simultaneously, to provide data to the spacecraft AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control System). AIRS (ARIEL InfraRed Spectrometer) instrument will perform IR spectrometry in two wavelength ranges: between 1.95 and 3.9 µm (with a spectral resolution R > 100) and between 3.9 and 7.8 µm with a spectral resolution R > 30. This paper provides the status of the ICU (Instrument Control Unit), an electronic box whose purpose is to command and supply power to the AIRS warm front-end (as well as acquire science data from its two channels) and to command and control the TCU (Telescope Control Unit).
The Ariel space mission will characterize spectroscopically the atmospheres of a large and diverse sample of hundreds of exoplanets. Through the study of targets with a wide range of planetary parameters (mass, density, equilibrium temperature) and host star types the origin for the diversity observed in known exoplanets will be better understood. Ariel is an ESA Medium class science mission (M4) with a spacecraft bus developed by industry under contract to ESA, and a Payload provided by a consortium of national funding agencies in ESA member states, plus contributions from NASA, the CSA and JAXA. The payload is based on a 1-meter class telescope operated at below 60K, built all in Aluminium, which feeds two science instruments. A multi-channel photometer and low-resolution spectrometer instrument (the FGS, Fine Guidance System instrument) operating from 0.5 – 1.95 microns in wavelength provides both guidance information for stabilizing the spacecraft pointing as well as vital scientific information from spectroscopy in the near-infrared and photometry in the visible channels. The Ariel InfraRed Spectrometer (AIRS) instrument provides medium resolution spectroscopy from 1.95 – 7.8 microns wavelength coverage over two instrument channels. Supporting subsystems provide the necessary mechanical, thermal and electronics support to the cryogenic payload. This paper presents the overall picture of the payload for the Ariel mission. The payload tightly integrates the design and analysis of the various payload elements (including for example the integrated STOP analysis of the Telescope and Common Optics) in order to allow the exacting photometric stability requirements for the mission to be met. The Ariel payload has passed through the Preliminary Design Review (completed in Q2 2023) and is now developing and building prototype models of the Telescope, Instruments and Subsystems (details of which will be provided in other contributions to this conference). This paper will present the current status of the development work and outline the future plans to complete the build and verification of the integrated payload.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the adopted M4 mission of ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. Its purpose is to conduct a survey of the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. Launch is scheduled for 2029. Ariel scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope feeding a set of photometers and spectrometers in the waveband between 0.5 and 7.8 µm, and operating at cryogenic temperatures. The Ariel Telescope consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1 m of major axis, followed by a hyperbolic secondary, a parabolic recollimating tertiary and a flat folding mirror. The Primary mirror is a very innovative device made of lightened aluminum. Aluminum mirrors for cryogenic instruments and for space application are already in use, but never before now it has been attempted the creation of such a large mirror made entirely of aluminum: this means that the production process must be completely revised and fine-tuned, finding new solutions, studying the thermal processes and paying a great care to the quality check. By the way, the advantages are many: thermal stabilization is simpler than with mirrors made of other materials based on glass or composite materials, the cost of the material is negligeable, the shape may be free and the possibility of making all parts of the telescope, from optical surfaces to the structural parts, of the same material guarantees a perfect alignment at whichever temperature. The results and expectations for the flight model are discussed in this paper.
The Atmospheric Remote-sensing InfraRed Large-survey (ARIEL) is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency whose launch is planned by late 2029 whose aim is to study the composition of exoplanet atmospheres, their formation and evolution. The ARIEL’s target will be a sample of about 1000 planets observed with one or more of the following methods: transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy, at both visible and infrared wavelengths simultaneously. The scientific payload is composed by a reflective telescope having a 1m-class primary mirror, built in solid aluminum, and two focal-plane instruments: 1. FGS (Fine Guidance System), performing photometry in visible light and low resolution spectrometry over three bands (from 0.8 to 1.95 µm) 2. AIRS (ARIEL InfraRed Spectrometer) that will perform infrared spectrometry in two wavelength ranges between 1.95 and 7.8 µm. This paper depicts the status of the TA (Telescope Assembly) electric section whose purpose is to deploy sensors, managed by the Telescope Control Unit, for the precise monitoring of the Telescope’s temperatures and the decontamination system, used to avoid the contamination of the optical surfaces (mirrors in primis).
Ariel is the M4 mission of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015-2025, whose aim is to characterize by lowresolution transit spectroscopy the atmospheres of over one thousand warm and hot exoplanets orbiting nearby stars. It has been selected by ESA in March 2018 and adopted in November 2020 to be flown, then, in 2029. It is the first survey mission dedicated to measuring the chemical composition and thermal structures of the atmospheres of hundreds of transiting exoplanets, in order to enable planetary science far beyond the boundaries of the Solar System. The Payload (P/L) is based on a cold section (PLM – Payload Module) working at cryogenic temperatures and a warm section, located within the Spacecraft (S/C) Service Vehicle Module (SVM) and hosting five warm units operated at ambient temperature (253-313 K). The P/L and its electrical, electronic and data handling architecture has been designed and optimized to perform transit spectroscopy from space during primary and secondary planetary eclipses in order to achieve a large set of unbiased observations to shed light and fully understand the nature of exoplanets atmospheres, retrieving information about planets interior and determining the key factors affecting the formation and evolution of planetary systems.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the fourth medium-class mission (M4) of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program. Its launch is planned for 2029. Ariel will observe a large and well selected sample of transiting gas giants, neptunes and super-earths around a wide range of host star types, with the objective to study planetary atmospheres and to understand composition and evolving processes of the planetary systems. A Structural, Thermal, and Optical Performance (STOP) analysis is conducted at Payload level to estimate the thermo-elastic induced degradation of the system performance for a number of selected environmental load cases. In particular, this document presents the general approach followed and the results of the optical design analysis performed to predict the performance of the Ariel Telescope Assembly for the in-flight operational cases during Cycle C-1.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the adopted M4 mission in the framework of the ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. Its purpose is to survey the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. The launch is scheduled for 2029. The scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope feeding a set of photometers and spectrometers in the waveband 0.5-7.8 µm and operating at cryogenic temperatures (55 K). The Telescope Assembly is based on an innovative fully aluminium design to tolerate thermal variations to avoid impacts on the optical performance; it consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1 m (the major axis), followed by a hyperbolic secondary that is mounted on a refocusing system, a parabolic re-collimating tertiary and a flat folding mirror directing the output beam parallel to the optical bench. An innovative mounting system based on 3 flexure hinges supports the primary mirror on one of the optical bench sides. The instrument bay on the other side of the optical bench houses the Ariel IR Spectrometer (AIRS) and the Fine Guidance System / NIR Spectrometer (FGS/NIRSpec). The Telescope Assembly is in phase B2 towards the Critical Design Review; the fabrication of the structural and engineering models has started; some components, i.e., the primary mirror and its mounting system are undergoing further qualification activities. This paper aims to update the scientific community on the progress concerning the development, manufacturing and qualification activity of the ARIEL Telescope Assembly.
The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey (Ariel) is the M4 mission adopted by ESA's "Cosmic Vision" program. Its launch is scheduled for 2029. The mission aims to study exoplanetary atmospheres on a target of ∼ 1000 exoplanets. Ariel's scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope. The light is directed towards a set of photometers and spectrometers with wavebands between 0.5 and 7.8 μm and operating at cryogenic temperatures. The Ariel Space Telescope consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1· 0.7 m, all bare aluminum. To date, aluminum mirrors the size of Ariel's primary have never been made. In fact, a disadvantage of making mirrors in this material is its low density, which facilitates deformation under thermal and mechanical stress of the optical surface, reducing the performance of the telescope. For this reason, studying each connection component between the primary mirror and the payload is essential. This paper describes, in particular, the development, manufacturing, and testing of the Flexure Hinges to connect Ariel's primary Structural Model mirror and its optical bench. The Flexure Hinges are components already widely used for space telescopes, but redesigning from scratch was a must in the case of Ariel, where the entire mirror and structures are made of aluminum. In fact, these flexures, as well as reducing the stress due to the connecting elements and the launch vibrations and maintaining the alignment of all the parts preventing plastic deformations, amplified for aluminum, must also have resonance frequencies different from those usually used, and must guarantee maximum contact (tolerance in the order of a micron) for the thermal conduction of heat. The entire work required approximately a year of work by the Ariel mechanical team in collaboration with the industry.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) [1] [2] is the fourth Mission (M4) of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015-2025, selected in March 2018 and officially adopted in November 2020 by the Agency, whose aim is to characterize the atmospheres of hundreds of diverse exoplanets orbiting nearby different types of stars and to identify the key factors affecting the formation and evolution of planetary systems. The Mission will have a nominal duration of four years and a possible extension of two years at least. Its launch is presently scheduled for mid 2029 from the French Guiana Space Centre in Kourou on board an Ariane 6.2 launcher in a dual launch configuration with Comet Interceptor. The baseline operational orbit of the Ariel is a large amplitude halo orbit around the second Lagrangian (L2) virtual point located along the line joining the Sun and the Earth-Moon system at about 1.5 million km (~236 RE) from the Earth in the anti-Sun direction. Ariel’s halo orbit is designed to be an eclipse-free orbit as it offers the possibility of long uninterrupted observations in a fairly stable environment (thermal, radiation, etc.). An injection trajectory is foreseen with a single passage through the Van Allen radiation belts (LEO, MEO and GEO near-Earth environments). This is approximated by a worst-case half orbit, prior the injection and transfer to L2, with a duration of 10.5 hours, a perigee of 300 km (LEO), an apogee of 64000 km (GEO and beyond), and an inclination close to 0 degrees. During both the injection trajectory and the final orbit around L2, Ariel will encounter and interact mainly with the Sun radiation and the space plasma environment. In L2 the Ariel spacecraft will spend most of its time in the direct solar wind and the Earth’s magnetosheath with passages through the magnetotail. These three environments, along with LEO and GEO, can lead to the build-up of a net electric charge on the spacecraft and payload conductive and dielectric surfaces leading to the risk of Electro Static Discharges (ESD), potentially endangering the whole Payload integrity and telecommunications to Ground.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large survey) is the fourth medium-size mission in ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. It is scheduled to launch in 2029. Ariel will conduct spectroscopic and photometric observations of a large sample of known exoplanets to survey their atmospheres with the transit method. Ariel is based on a 1 m class telescope designed for the visible and near infrared spectrum, but optimized specifically for spectroscopy in the waveband between 1.95 and 7.8 μm. Telescope and instruments will be operating in cryogenic conditions in the range 40–50 K. The telescope mirrors will be manufactured in aluminum 6061, with a protected silver coating deposited onto the optical surface to enhance reflectivity and prevent oxidation and corrosion. During the preliminary definition phase of the development work, leading to mission adoption, a silver coating with space heritage was selected and underwent a qualification process on disc-shaped samples of the mirrors substrate material. The samples were deposited through magnetron sputtering and then subjected to a battery of tests, including environmental durability tests, accelerated aging, cryogenic tests and mechanical resistance tests. Further to the qualification, the samples have been stored in cleanroom conditions and periodically re-examined and measured to detect any sign of coating degradation. The test program, still ongoing at the time of writing this article, consists of visual inspection with a high intensity lamp, spectral reflectance measurements and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) evaluation of nanometric surface features. The goal is to ensure stability of the optical performance, in terms of coating reflectance, during a time span comparable to the period that the actual mirrors of the telescope will spend in average cleanroom conditions. This study presents the interim results after three years of storage.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the adopted M4 mission of ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. Its purpose is to conduct a survey of the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. Launch is scheduled for 2029. Ariel scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope feeding a set of photometers and spectrometers in the waveband between 0.5 and 7.8 μm, and operating at cryogenic temperatures. The Ariel Telescope consists of a primary parabolic mirror (M1) with an elliptical aperture of 1.1 m of major axis and 0.7 m of minor axis, followed by a hyperbolic secondary (M2) , a parabolic recollimating tertiary (M3) and a flat folding mirror (M4). The Primary mirror is a very innovative device made of lightened aluminum. Aluminum mirrors for cryogenic instruments and for space application are already in use, but never before now it has been attempted the creation of such a large mirror made entirely of aluminum: this means that the production process must be completely revised and finetuned, finding new solutions, studying the thermal processes and paying a great care to the quality check. By the way, the advantages are many: thermal stabilization is simpler than with mirrors made of other materials based on glass or composite materials, the cost of the material is negligable, the shape may be free and the possibility of making all parts of the telescope, from optical surfaces to the structural parts, of the same material guarantees a perfect alignment at whichever temperature. This paper describes the methodology and preliminary results of this manufacturing process and discusses future steps.
KEYWORDS: Field programmable gate arrays, Electronics, Data processing, Power supplies, Image processing, Infrared imaging, Space telescopes, Exoplanets, Infrared spectroscopy, Photometry
ARIEL is an ESA mission whose scientific goal is to investigate exoplanetary atmospheres. The payload is composed by two instruments: AIRS (ARIEL IR Spectrometer) and FGS (Fine Guidance System). The FGS detection chain is composed by two HgCdTe detectors and by the cold Front End Electronics (SIDECAR), kept at cryogenic temperatures, interfacing with the F-DCU (FGS Detector Control Unit) boards that we will describe thoroughly in this paper. The F-DCU are situated in the warm side of the payload in a box called FCU (FGS Control Unit) and contribute to the FGS VIS/NIR imaging and NIR spectroscopy. The F-DCU performs several tasks: drives the detectors, processes science data and housekeeping telemetries, manages the commands exchange between the FGS/DPU (Data Processing Unit) and the SIDECARs and provides high quality voltages to the detectors. This paper reports the F-DCU status, describing its architecture, the operation and the activities, past and future necessary for its development.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large-survey) is an ESA M class mission aimed at the study of exoplanets. The satellite will orbit in the lagrangian point L2 and will survey a sample of 1000 exoplanets simultaneously in visible and infrared wavelengths. The challenging scientific goal of Ariel implies unprecedented engineering efforts to satisfy the severe requirements coming from the science in terms of accuracy. The most important specification – an all-Aluminum telescope – requires very accurate design of the primary mirror (M1), a novel, off-set paraboloid honeycomb mirror with ribs, edge, and reflective surface. To validate such a mirror, some tests were carried out on a prototype – namely Pathfinder Telescope Mirror (PTM) – built specifically for this purpose. These tests, carried out at the Centre Spatial de Liège in Belgium – revealed an unexpected deformation of the reflecting surface exceeding a peek-to-valley of 1µm. Consequently, the test had to be re-run, to identify systematic errors and correct the setting for future tests on the final prototype M1. To avoid the very expensive procedure of developing a new prototype and testing it both at room and cryogenic temperatures, it was decided to carry out some numerical simulations. These analyses allowed first to recognize and understand the reasoning behind the faults occurred during the testing phase, and later to apply the obtained knowledge to a new M1 design to set a defined guideline for future testing campaigns.
The primary mirror of the Ariel space telescope (an ESA M class mission aimed at the study of exoplanets, scheduled for launch in 2029) is an elliptical off-axis paraboloid. Like the entire telescope, it is built of aluminum. As a massive part of the payload, as well as one of the most delicate components of the telescope, this mirror has to be accurately designed, in order to minimize its mass while not degrading its optical performances. This paper discusses the optimization study of the primary mirror of Ariel. Starting from its optical and geometrical specifications, we have run an iterative process based on FEA dynamic analyses, in order to compute the first ”free-free” eigenfrequencies while varying the three fundamental parameters of the honeycomb structure of the mirror - the thickness of the ribs, the outer edge, and the reflecting surface. Later, the optimization routine has been improved by adding the honeycomb geometry as a variable parameter. As a result, the best configurations is identified as the ones giving the higher ratios of the first relevant eigenfrequency divided by the mass.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the adopted M4 mission of ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. Its purpose is to conduct a survey of the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. Launch is scheduled for 2029. Ariel scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope feeding a set of photometers and spectrometers in the waveband between 0.5 and 7.8 µm, and operating at cryogenic temperatures. The Ariel Telescope consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1 m of major axis, followed by a hyperbolic secondary, a parabolic recollimating tertiary and a flat folding mirror directing the output beam parallel to the optical bench. The secondary mirror is mounted on a roto-translating stage for adjustments during the mission. Proper operation of the instruments prescribes a set of tolerances on the position and orientation of the telescope output beam: this needs to be verified against possible telescope misalignments as part of the ongoing Structural, Thermal, Optical and Performance Analysis. A specific part of this analysis concerns the mechanical misalignments, in terms of rigid body movements of the mirrors, that may arise after ground alignment, and how they can be compensated in flight. The purpose is to derive the mechanical constraints that can be used for the design of the opto-mechanical mounting systems of the mirrors. This paper describes the methodology and preliminary results of this analysis, and discusses future steps.
Ariel (Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey) is the adopted M4 mission in the framework of the ESA “Cosmic Vision” program. Its purpose is to conduct a survey of the atmospheres of known exoplanets through transit spectroscopy. Launch is scheduled for 2029. Ariel scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope feeding a set of photometers and spectrometers in the waveband between 0.5 and 7.8 µm and operating at cryogenic temperatures (55 K). The Telescope Assembly is based on an innovative fully-aluminum design to tolerate thermal variations avoiding impacts on the optical performance; it consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1 m of major axis, followed by a hyperbolic secondary that is mounted on a refocusing system, a parabolic re-collimating tertiary and a flat folding mirror directing the output beam parallel to the optical bench. An innovative mounting system based on 3 flexure-hinges supports the primary mirror on one side of the optical bench. The instrument bay on the other side of the optical bench houses the Ariel IR Spectrometer (AIRS) and the Fine Guidance System / NIR Spectrometer (FGS/NIRSpec). The Telescope Assembly is in phase B2 towards the Preliminary Design Review to start the fabrication of the structural model; some components, i.e., the primary mirror, its mounting system and the refocusing mechanism, are undergoing further development activities to increase their readiness level. This paper describes the design and development of the ARIEL Telescope Assembly.
ARIEL (Atmospheric Remote-sensing InfraRed Large-survey) is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency, part of the Cosmic Vision program, whose launch is foreseen by early 2029. ARIEL aims to study the composition of exoplanet atmospheres, their formation and evolution. The ARIEL’s target will be a sample of about 1000 planets observed with one or more of the following methods: transit, eclipse and phase-curve spectroscopy, at both visible and infrared wavelengths simultaneously. The scientific payload is composed by a reflective telescope having a 1m-class elliptical primary mirror, built in solid Aluminium, and two focal-plane instruments: FGS and AIRS. FGS (Fine Guidance System)1 has the double purpose, as suggested by its name, of performing photometry (0.50-0.55 μm) and low resolution spectrometry over three bands (from 0.8 to 1.95 µm) and, simultaneously, to provide data to the spacecraft AOCS (Attitude and Orbit Control System) with a cadence of 10 Hz and contributing to reach a 0.02 arcsec pointing accuracy for bright targets. AIRS (ARIEL InfraRed Spectrometer) instrument will perform IR spectrometry in two wavelength ranges: between 1.95 and 3.9 μm (with a spectral resolution R < 100) and between 3.9 and 7.8 μm with a spectral resolution R < 30. This paper provides the status of the ICU (Instrument Control Unit), an electronic box whose purpose is to command and supply power to AIRS (as well as acquire science data from its two channels) and to command and control the TCU (Telescope Control Unit).
The Atmospheric Remote-Sensing Infrared Exoplanet Large Survey (Ariel) is the M4 mission adopted by ESA’s ”Cosmic Vision” program. Its launch is scheduled for 2029. The purpose of the mission is the study of exoplanetary atmospheres on a target of ∼ 1000 exoplanets. Ariel scientific payload consists of an off-axis, unobscured Cassegrain telescope. The light is directed towards a set of photometers and spectrometers with wavebands between 0.5 and 7.8 µm and operating at cryogenic temperatures. The Ariel Space Telescope consists of a primary parabolic mirror with an elliptical aperture of 1.1· 0.7 m, followed by a hyperbolic secondary, a parabolic collimating tertiary and a flat-folding mirror directing the output beam parallel to the optical bench; all in bare aluminium. The choice of bare aluminium for the realization of the mirrors is dictated by several factors: maximizing the heat exchange, reducing the costs of materials and technological advancement. To date, an aluminium mirror the size of Ariel’s primary has never been made. The greatest challenge is finding a heat treatment procedure that stabilizes the aluminium, particularly the Al6061T651 Laminated alloy. This paper describes the study and testing of the heat treatment procedure developed on aluminium samples of different sizes (from 50mm to 150mm diameter), on 0.7m diameter mirror, and discusses future steps.
Ariel [1] is the M4 mission of the ESA’s Cosmic Vision Program 2015-2025, whose aim is to characterize by lowresolution transit spectroscopy the atmospheres of over one thousand warm and hot exoplanets orbiting nearby stars. The operational orbit of the spacecraft is baselined as a large amplitude halo orbit around the Sun-Earth L2 Lagrangian point, as it offers the possibility of long uninterrupted observations in a fairly stable radiative and thermo-mechanical environment. A direct escape injection with a single passage through the Earth radiation belts and no eclipses is foreseen. The space environment around Earth and L2 presents significant design challenges to all spacecraft, including the effects of interactions with Sun radiation and charged particles owning to the surrounding plasma environment, potentially leading to dielectrics charging and unwanted electrostatic discharge (ESD) phenomena endangering the Payload operations and its data integrity. Here, we present some preliminary simulations and analyses about the Ariel Payload dielectrics and semiconductors charging along the transfer orbit from launch to L2 included.
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