We present an off-axis holography with intensity correlation of the randomly scattered light and initial experimental results are presented. The hologram is recorded in the intensity correlations rather than the intensity and subsequently numerical reconstruction is applied to reconstruct the complex fields encoded into the hologram. Performance of this technique is examined in the off-axis hologram recording from the intensity correlation of the laser speckles and results in better reconstruction quality and field of view. This technique may find applications in wide-field imaging and microscopy with randomness.
Due to the advancements in the field of optical metrology, it has found its applications in various areas such as biomedical, automotive, semiconductors, aerospace, etc. The popularity of optical techniques for metrology has increased by multiple folds owing to its non-invasive nature with ease of setup, fast data acquisition, and remote sensing ability. Optical techniques include hologram interferometry, speckle photography, speckle interferometry, Moire interferometry, photoelasticity, fringe projection technique, etc. The holographic interferometry technique works by quantifying the optical phase of the object by measuring the change in the interference fringes due to the shape of an object. This technique has a large number of advantages, but a steep object leads to a large number of fringes in the field of view, which are not resolvable as they fail to satisfy the Nyquist criterion. In this work, the fringe projection technique, which is a non-interferometric, non-invasive technique for generating 3D surface information is employed to measure the shape of a phase object like a wedge. Fringe projection is presented as a robust and compact technique for shape measurement of phase objects as it utilizes lesser components and has less complexity compared to the holographic technique.
Phase-shifting microwave holography utilizes the antennas to record the hologram. In this technique, the antenna has to perform two-dimensional (2-D) scanning over the test area corresponding to each phase shift in the reference wave. A numerical three-step phase-shifting is proposed for recording the microwave holograms in which only a single 2-D scan over an area is recorded experimentally whereas two remaining phase shifts are introduced numerically. This method is applied for imaging of metallic objects to inspect the feasibility of the proposed method. The qualitative results exhibit its effectiveness while reconstructing the amplitude and phase of an object at a microwave frequency of 8.5 GHz (or λ = 35.29 mm).
KEYWORDS: Tissues, Breast, Dielectrics, Magnetic resonance imaging, 3D modeling, Image segmentation, Data modeling, Microwave imaging, 3D image processing, Image processing
An effective method to develop anatomically real numerical breast phantoms for T1-weighted MR images of different tissue densities is presented. The dielectric properties for breast tissues are calculated and analyzed using different dispersion models (i.e., one- and two-pole cole–cole and Debye models). The method presented in this paper propounds significant improvements in comparison with existing MRI-based numerical phantoms in terms of denoising of images, tissue segmentation, nonlinear mapping of dielectric properties with realistic shapes using all the dispersion models and densitywise classification of phantoms. This method is a multistep approach in which each MRI voxel is mapped with the appropriate dielectric properties according to different dispersion models. The MRI data was collected and interpolated according to the size of the uniform grid for finite difference time domain computations followed by the preprocessing of MR images to enhance them. Thereafter, the voxel intensities were segregated into two groups as adipose and fibro glandular tissues. These tissue intensities were assigned the corresponding dielectric properties. Three-dimensional (3-D) numerical phantoms were created according to all the dispersion models. After the comparison among the models, it has been found that, along with frequency, the dielectric properties vary according to the variation of the dispersion model parameters. It was also observed that the dielectric properties calculated from one-pole cole–cole and two-pole Debye models are more close to the real properties of breast tissues than other models. A generalized method has been defined for developing the 3-D phantoms for all classes of breast according to the inhomogeneity of fibroglandular tissues using the dispersion models. The frequency-dependent and dispersion model parameters-dependent dielectric properties have been assigned to the phantoms. These real-like phantoms after 3-D printing would help researchers working in the field of breast cancer detection studies.
A method to measure the temperature by visualizing the laminar free convection flow of water is presented by using
digital holography in lensless Fourier transform configuration. Temperature is measured within the boundary layer of the
convective flow field. The deviation in temperature measured by this method and from that of obtained by thermocouple
is within 2%.
A swept source system was realized in the wavelength range of 810-875 nm with the combination of a broad-band superluminescent diode (SLD) and an acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) as a frequency-tuning device. SLD has two spectral centers at 820 nm and 845 nm with spectral bandwidth (FWHM) of around 40 nm. Gaussian spectral shaping
was performed onto the original SLD spectrum while reconstructing OCT images for various test samples such as onion
slice and fingerprint impression taken on a glass substrate. As a pulse can be considered a Gaussian distribution of
frequencies, spectral shaping yields sharper Fourier peaks. Application of Gaussian spectrum facilitates in precisely
locating the reflective boundaries within the sample that results in improved OCT images.
KEYWORDS: Digital holography, Signal to noise ratio, Speckle, Holograms, 3D image reconstruction, Image filtering, Wavelets, Digital filtering, Holography, Fourier transforms
The presence of speckle noise in the reconstruction process of digital hologram reduces the signal to noise ratio (SNR) in
the reconstructed images. In this paper we present wavelet filtering to improve SNR in the reconstructed images.
Experimental results are presented.
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