Electro-discharge machining (EDM) and pulsed laser drilling/trepanning are commonly used for fabricating cooling holes. Although the EDM technique produces high quality holes, it is very slow, without mentioning the high tooling cost. The millisecond pulsed laser drilling/trepanning is much faster. However, a laser with millisecond pulses usually cannot drill/trepan high quality microholes, mainly resulting from the normally encountered recast layer formation with metallurgical/morphological defects. In this study, a water-based magnetic-assisted ultrasonic-enhanced laser drilling/trepanning technique is accordingly reported for drilling and trepanning microholes with and without ultrasonic/magnetic assistance, improving laser drilling and trepanning performance. This novel technique was primarily explored through experimental characterization and numerical analysis, including the ultrasonic-enhanced laser trepanning of nickel super-alloy sheets, magnetic-assisted ultrasonic-enhanced percussion laser drilling of nickel superalloy sheets, and numerical analysis for ultrasonic-enhanced laser trepanning of stainless steel sheets. Effects of ultrasonic/magnetic assistance on millisecond pulsed Nd:YAG laser drilling/trepanning performance and quality are reported through comparing the drilled/trepanned holes without and using ultrasonic/magnetic assistance. Numerical analysis was also carried out for simulating the fields of temperature and residual stress resulting from laser drilling/trepanning with and without ultrasonic assistance.
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