Tumour hypoxia is a critical factor in treatment failure and resistance, and its accurate measurement with diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) could be used for prognostic and response monitoring purposes. In this in vivo characterisation study, we sequentially measured oxygenation trends over the entire course of tumour growth in mice using a multi-depth, fibre-optic DRS probe. Results demonstrated a clear downtrend in oxygenation over time. This progression was not always linear, with significant heterogeneity over time and between mice. Our findings will be further validated against gold standards prior to investigating whether hypoxia can be used to predict radiotherapy responses.
Undernutrition is associated with approximately 45% of deaths among children under the age of 5. Furthermore, in 2020, around 149 million children suffered impaired physical/cognitive development due to lack of adequate nutrition. Environmental enteropathy (EE) is associated with undernutrition and is characterized by a multifaceted breakdown in gut function, including an increase in intestinal permeability that can lead to inflammatory responses. However, the role and mechanisms associated with EE (particularly gut permeability) are not well understood. This is partly because current techniques to assess changes in gut permeability, such as endoscopic biopsies, histopathology and chemical tests such as Lactulose:Mannitol assays, are either highly invasive, unreliable or difficult to perform on specific groups of patients (such as infants and patients with urine retention problems). Therefore, low-cost, non-invasive and reliable diagnostic tools are urgently needed for better evaluation of intestinal permeability. Here, we present a compact transcutaneous fluorescence spectroscopy sensor for non-invasive evaluation of gut permeability and report the first in vivo data collected from volunteers in an undernutrition trial. Using this technique and device, fluorescence signals are detected transcutaneously after oral ingestion of a fluorescent solution. Preliminary results demonstrate the potential use of the presented sensor for clinical assessment of gut permeability in low-income settings.
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