We present inter-chip optical link based on direct optical wire (DOW) bonding technology fabricated by meniscus-guided polymerization in open-air. The arch shape DOW structure is formed in a single procedure for directly linking silicon photonic chips, where grating couplers are integrated to out-couple guided optical modes. Although a typical grating coupler is employed, the inter-chip DOW link supports a low insertion loss of 6 dB in total with a wavelength-insensitive operation in the measured wavelength range of 1520 nm to 1590 nm. The half-arch shape DOW for linking chip-to-fiber is also shown to verify the feasibility of hybrid integration with edge coupling devices. DOW bonding technology can provide a convenient route to enable direct optical link capable of agile and high-throughput manufacturing for inter-chip optical interconnection.
We demonstrate two-dimensional (2-D) beam-steering using only wavelength control from one-dimensional siliconbased OPA, where path differences are sequentially formed in each channel. With 79.6-μm path difference in phasefeeding lines and a 2-μm pitch in grating radiators, we achieved a continuous transversal steering about 46° and a longitudinal steering near 13° with a wavelength tuning of 90 nm. The single-beam with divergence angle of 4° was formed by phase initialization using electro-optic optic p-i-n phase shifters before beam-steering.
Optical wireless data transmission is an emerging complementary technology compared to the RF transmission in 5G and 6G communications. The optical phased array (OPA) would be a promising component for such high-speed wireless transmission requiring beam-steering function. We achieved 25Gbps data transmission using silicon-based OPA and commercialized photodetector (PD). OPA was designed as 64 channels having output beam divergence angle less than 1 for both horizontal and vertical direction. The diverging beam is received by high-speed PD with active diameter less than 30μm. The demonstration of 20Gbps data transmission was practiced with OPA’s output beam power as 0dBm and a freespace range of 1.5m. Received signal from photodetector has an eye-diagram with an extinction ratio of 5dB. Depending on our link power budget, higher output beam power and smaller beam divergence angle concludes to longer free-space range and larger bandwidth. Improvements on beam concentration by lens system could also increase range and bandwidth.
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