This article focuses on the analysis of the effect of long-time thermal load on the total losses of the selected fiber-optic couplers which have been thermal stressed for the thirty weeks at temperature 100 °C ± 5 °C. A total of six couplers with 10:90, 1:99 and 50:50 dividing ratio were tested. Measurements were made for two wavelengths (1310 nm and 1550 nm). The results obtained show how long-term thermal stresses affect the total losses of the optical couplers. This information could be interest for the practical implementations of the optical couplers.
The article describes a comparative measurement of a classical seismic sensor and a fiber-optic interferometric sensor for the perimetric applications. We created and proposed technically and financially the simplest interferometric sensor (type two-arm Mach Zehnder). A test polygon was created where were analyzed the vibration-acoustic manifestations caused by the 20 test subjects. The article describes original results that clearly point to the high sensitivity of the interferometric sensor.
The article describes the use of fiber-optic interferometer in the rail transport. We proposed a measuring sensor system based on the Mach-Zehnder interferometer. The basic tracked parameter of vehicles are detection (count of vehicles). The proposed system was tested in the real tram traffic. Altogether, 435 vehicles were detected with 100 % success. The basic advantages of the solution include immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and the ability to remotely evaluate information about the traffic.
The publication describes the use of fiber-optic Bragg sensors in biomedical applications. Fiber-optic sensors are characterized by the immunity to electromagnetic interference (EMI) and by the electrical passivity. Currently, these types of sensors are increasingly being used in biomedical applications, for example, for measuring the temperature or the heart and respiratory rate of the human body. It is very important to encapsulate these types of sensors because encapsulation itself has a major effect on the sensor functionality. This publication describes a comparison of two materials - polymer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and fiberglass (fiberglass is a composite material made up of glass fiber (fabric) and cured synthetic resin). The comparison was conducted by a series of laboratory experiments with ten volunteers with their written consent. Acquired data were compared by the Bland-Altman method.
Fiber-optic sensors (FOS), today among the most widespread measuring sensors and during various types of measuring, are irreplaceable. Among the distinctive features include immunity to electromagnetic interference, passivity regarding power supply and high sensitivity. One of the representatives FOS is the interferometric sensors working on the principle of interference of light. Authors of this article focused on the analysis of the detection material as resonant pads for attaching the measuring arm of the interferometer when sensing mechanical vibrations (low frequencies). A typical example is the use of interferometer sensors in automobile traffic while sensing a vibration response from the roadway while passing the cars. For analysis was used sensor with Mach-Zehnder interferometer. Defined were different detection materials about different size and thickness. We analyzed the influence on the sensitivity (amplitude response) of the interferometer. Based on the results we have defined the best material for sensing mechanical vibrations. The signal was processed by applications created in LabView development environment. The results were verified by repeated testing in laboratory conditions.
Article deal of the problematic of impact fixing optical fiber for measuring the deformation with the distributed system known as Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR). The measurement principle of BOTDR system based on scanning of Brillouin frequency. Authors focused on monitoring changes Brillouin frequency for various bends and size of the substrate layer in combination with different types of fixing materials. We used distributed system DiTEST STA-R Omnisense. For the analysis was used a standard telecommunication optical fiber G.652.D. Deformation of the optical fiber was carried out by bending at a special tool. This article aims to find the most suitable method of implementing a fiber-optics for practical applications. It showed that it is necessary to pay attention to the size of the substrate layer and the fixing material to optimize the sensitivity in the measurement of mechanical deformations and the forces.
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) is formed by the periodic structure in the core of the optical fiber and is one of the widelyused
types of fiber optic sensors. FBGs are primarily sensitive to strain and temperature. For sensory application is an
important encapsulation of FBG to achieve maximum sensitivity to the desired measurand and ensure of protection
against damage. Interesting way to encapsulate FBG is the use of elastomer polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). Authors of
this paper followed on previous research regarding encapsulation of FBG and analyzed the influence of different
encapsulation types and shapes of PDMS on the temperature sensitivity and change of the reflected Bragg wavelength of
the FBG. Realization of encapsulation is composed of three parts: FBG insertion to a regular form with the liquid PDMS,
curing in a temperature box with a constant temperature 100 °C ± 5 % and 24 hours relaxation. Analysis of temperature
sensitivity and reflected Bragg wavelength was carried out after curing including relaxation time and it using the
broadband source of light LED (Light-Emitting Diode) with central wavelength 1550 nm and the optical spectrum
analyzer OSA 203.
The contribution deals with the influence of DFB laser light on spectral properties of coherent and noncoherent sources. DFB laser, FP laser and surface emitting LED have been as the directed light sources. All sources operated at wavelengths around 1550 nm. As a master DFB laser the tunable laser within range of wavelengths from 1510-1610 nm has been applied. The connection of light sources was carried out with the help of fiber optical couplers 2x2 with division ratio 50:50. The spectral properties of directed light sources were searched in dependence on wavelength changes of tunable laser source. Besides of wavelengths, the optical power of tunable laser has been changed in range - 0,25 dBm – 0 dBm. All changes within directed light sources were searched for various values of driving currents. It was verified experimentally that the mutual interaction DFB-DFB lasers is minimal, the influence of optical power coming from master DFB laser appeared as neglected. Several effects manifested during mutual interaction between master DFB laser and directed FP laser. In this case the intense changes in optical power of particular modes were observed. Some modes had suppressed their powers some modes were dominantly excited. These changes could be the basis for construction of all optical switches or for devices making logical functions. Important spectral changes were also observed in case of mutual interaction between DFB master laser and directed surface emitting LED.
A high sensitive optical receiver design for the mobile free space optical (FSO) networks is presented. There is an array of photo-detectors and preamplifiers working into same load. It is the second stage sum amplifier getting all signals together. This topology creates a parallel amplifier with an excellent signal to noise ratio (SNR). An automatic gain control (AGC) feature is included also. As a result, the effective noise suppression at the receiver side increases optical signal coverage even with the transmitter power being constant. The design has been verified on the model car which was able to respond beyond the line of sight (LOS).
In this article are presented results from application of fiber optical DTS system within long term research of temperature energy accumulation in Paskov rock massif. In this area was established special measuring station for that purpose, because rock massif in Paskov area has ideal properties for temperature changes measurement. The twelve geothermal boreholes were drilled during this research, which were then used for rock massif heating by Thermal Response Test device. With the help of DTS system was observed how the temperature distribution and penetration in between boreholes in rock massif is. Thanks to the DTS system we were able to determine the Thermal Response Test device heating power influence on the nearest monitoring boreholes.
Optical fibreless data networks P2P offer fast data transmissions with big transmittance from 1- 10 Gbps on a distance of 1- 6 km. Perfections of such networks are especially flexibility, rapid creation of communications. Sensitivity to atmospheric influences, necessity of light on sight belongs to disadvantages. Transmission through atmosphere be characterized by non-stationarity, inhomogeneity, the influences have random character. It means immediately that it is possible only with difficulty to project conclusions concerning to the measurement on one line upon fiberless line in another position. Contribution tackles a question of forming of the artificial hazy atmospheres, finding the statistical parameters of artificially created foggy atmospheres that could be reproduced to real environment. This work describes created laboratory apparatus powered with fog generator, heat source and ventilating fans, which allow in a controlled way to change the optical transmission inside the bounded space. Laser diode radiation at wavelength of 850 nm is transmitted into created space like this which is scanned with optical power meter after passing of artificially created turbulent vaporous environment. Changes in intensity of the passed lights are captured; the mean value and maximum deviation from the mean value are computed. In this way it is possible to change the reached specific attenuation in dB/km. Owing to turbulences it happens to deviations from the mean value, these abnormalities are characterized by the distribution function that describes the size of turbulences in time. By the help of ergodic theorem then it is possible to deduce that the distribution function of the foggy turbulences gained at continuous time evaluation has same history like the distribution function gained behind the same conditions in the setup in other times. It holds as well that these distribution functions are the same for variety of points in experimental space, provided there are well - kept the same conditions of turbulence creations. Contribution shows the experimental values, shapes of distribution functions, their influence on attenuation of fiberless communication lines and on achieved the transmission BER. At the present time the verification of conclusions is performed from the experimental model on outdoor connecting link working upon the distance of 1,3 km at the transmission rate of 1,25 Gbps.
PM optical fiber with a PM single mode couplers or splitters at each fiber end can be used as a sensitive structure for
fiber sensing applications. The sensitive structure is created with two lasers at λ = 1550 nm. Each laser is connected to
the opposite sides of two the single mode PM couplers with PM fiber connecting both PM couplers. One DFB laser is
isolated and its light goes through variable attenuator. Isolation is necessary for DFB laser stability. The second laser is
F-P laser without any isolator. Its radiation is driven as with driven current so with DFB laser passing through SM optical
fiber. Small changes of DFB laser light spectrum passing through PM optical fiber activate large changes in FP laser
radiation spectra. DFB laser is tunable with temperature and its radiation is a stimulated light for FP laser. If the power of
DFB laser is above threshold power, FP laser losses its multimode behavior. Threshold powers, tunable range of DFB
laser, changes in mode structures of FP laser will be presented together with application possibilities of coupled laser
diodes system.
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