Development and Application of high repetition rate extremely brilliant coherent X-ray source poses significant challenges to the correlated focusing optical elements. The Compound Refractive Lenses (CRL) have become an important apparatus for X-ray beam focusing and shaping as they are less sensitive to shape errors, and their overall ease-of-use. It is also can be applied to micro-imaging, phase contrast imaging and X-ray scanning microscopy. The diamond material is an ideal material for optics applicate in advanced light source as they have higher refractivity, lower absorption, higher heat conductivity and stability. We propose to develop a simulation modal for compound refractive lens and fabricate a diamond based Compound Refractive Lens access to high repetition rate extremely brilliant coherent X-ray source.
Varied line spacing (VLS) grating can correct the optical aberrations by optimization of the groove density parameters. This kind of grating is widely used nowadays and is the key optical element of high resolution monochromators and spectrometers in VUV and soft X-ray region. The groove density parameters can directly influence the imaging properties of grating and should be measured correctly for performance evaluation of grating spectral instruments. In this paper, a method based on diffraction principal of grating was presented. Different from the conventional diffraction methods which suffer from eccentricity effect and need a high precision rotation stage to get high measuring accuracy, a linear stage instead which is much cheaper was used in this new method. The grating groove density was obtained by measuring the distance of different diffraction orders in one line in this presented method and it is applicable to gratings of arbitrary surface profile. The measuring procedure and the deduced useful formulas would be presented in detail, and the measuring accuracy would be analyzed.
Photon diagnostic for high-repetition-rates XFEL are treated to be a huge challenge for all the XFEL project, especially the single pulse imager diagnostic. A device has been designed by our team for single pulse photon diagnostics of future CAEP-XFEL project with 2.3ns gap of each pulse in pulse trains. The most popular way to obtain the imager of photon beam is directly seeing it from a scintillators such as YAG:Ce with a common CCD/CMOS camera. However, the gap of pulse to pulse can be around 220ns at a typical high-repetition-rates XFEL facility such as EU-XFEL while the gap may as small as 2.3ns for CAEP-XFEL. In this circumstances, this kind of devices may not be suitable any more. Ultrafast scintillator with the decay time less than 2.3ns and framing camera with sub-nanosecond exposure time may be a feasible way to achieve it. Some research have been done to find the suitable ultrafast scintillator.
The focusing of hard X-ray is limited by the ability to design and to fabricate high-quality optics. The gains in resolution are often made at a sacrifice of focusing efficiency. The short Kinoform lenses offer a compromise position of high resolution and efficiency. Here we describe the design and the properties simulation of a series of short Kinoform lenses. After optimizing of the main characteristics, the focus spots size of the designed short Kinoform lens were proved to sub 500nm at photon energy of 30 keV.
Conical diffraction of a grating differs from the classical type of diffraction because the incident and diffracted wave vectors are not orthogonal to the direction of the grooves, and the light is almost parallel to the grooves. Compared with a grating in the classical type of diffraction, relatively higher diffraction efficiencies will be observed in conical diffraction. And, when the incident beam is perfectly parallel to the grooves of a rectangular grating profile (laminar grating), the symmetry of the setup causes diffraction of the intensity symmetrically around the plane of incidence. A multilayer grating is a grating which is coated with multilayers and can enhance the energy transport efficiency, especially for the tender X-ray range (1-8 keV) that covers a large number of K- and L-edges of medium-Z elements, and M-edges of high-Z elements. A multilayer laminar grating used in the symmetry of conical diffraction can obtain higher efficiency and has the feasibility of the amplitude beam splitting in the tender X-ray range. In this work, using numerical simulation, a possibility of multilayer laminar grating used in the symmetry of conical diffraction for beam splitting in 4.51 keV (Ti Kα1) has been demonstrated, showing a high efficiency and good flexibility of design.
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