The aim of this investigation is to search for the possibility of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy in combination with dielectrophoresis for studying erythrocytes from patients with diffuse liver diseases for diagnostics and differentiation of liver fibrosis degrees. Seventy-nine men aged 33 to 67 years with diffuse liver pathology, mainly alcohol, viral, and mixed genesis with varying degrees of liver fibrosis, were included in the study with 30 men (31- to 64-year-old) without signs of pathology of internal organs and liver fibrosis (F0, first group). The study of suspensions of red blood cells was carried out by THz spectroscopy and dielectrophoresis. An increase in the degree of liver fibrosis was associated with an increase in the number of deformed cells prone to aggregation and destruction, with a reduced surface charge, thickened membranes with high electrical conductivity, low deformability on the background of high summarized viscosity, and rigidity indicators (p < 0.0001 to 0.05). Strong correlations of THz spectroscopy indices with electrical and viscoelastic parameters of red blood cells were obtained. The revealed possibilities of the study of blood and its cell components are very promising in the diagnosis and differentiation of the degrees of liver fibrosis.
Based on the developed electro-optical cell detection system using dielectrophoresis, both the electrical and viscoelastic behavior of erythrocytes was studied. Studies were conducted to assess the possibility of using hemorheological parameters as precursors of stroke recurrence. As a result, the main hemorheological parameters of erythrocytes, such as electrical and viscoelastic properties, hemostasis indices, were determined. It is shown that these parameters can serve as harbingers of a relapse of a stroke.
A possible application of optical methods (dielectrophoresis, spectral and imaging ellipsometry, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy) for the early diagnostics in studies of red blood cells and serum in patients with the diffuse liver disease, with varying degrees of fibrosis, has been evaluated. As experimentally confirmed, the combined optical methods significantly improve the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy index in the diagnosis of both severe fibrosis and slight ulterior liver fibrosis. The identified optical methods diagnostic potential can be efficiently utilized in noninvasive screening evaluation of the stages of diffuse liver disease of various genesis.
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