Collecting environmental data in coastal bays presents several challenges to the scientist. One of the most pressing
issues is how to efficiently and reliably gather data in shallow water areas-environments that often preclude the use of
traditional boats. Obstacles that are encountered in such environments include difficulty in covering large territories
and the presence of inaccessible areas due to a variety of reasons, such as soft bottoms or contamination. There is also a
high probability of disturbing the test area while placing the sensors. This paper outlines the development of a remotely
operated boat and its real-time control system.
This paper describes an Airborne Multi-Spectral Imaging System (AMIS) and the development of its system software. This system has been developed so as to be rapidly deployed in response to episodic events such as hurricanes and tropical storms which may occur year round in coastal zones. The system uses digital video cameras to provide high resolution images at a very high collection rate. The system is software controlled so as to provide a minimum distraction for the aircraft pilot by providing for the remote manipulation of the camera and the GPS receiver. The system is viable for many applications that require good resolution at low cost. Such applications include vegetation detection, oceanography, marine biology, and environmental coastal science analysis.
This paper presents the results of comparing two digital images acquired using two different light sources. One of the sources is a 50-W metal halide lamp located in the compartment of an industrial borescope and the other is a 1 W LED placed at the tip of the insertion tube of the borescope. The two images are compared quantitatively and qualitatively using feature extraction and luminance matching approaches. Quantitative methods included the images' histograms, intensity profiles along a line segment, edges, and luminance measurement. Qualitative methods included image registration and linear conformal transformation with eight control points. This transformation is useful when shapes in the input image are unchanged, but the image is distorted by some combination of translation, rotation, and scaling. The gray-level histogram, edge detection, image profile and image registration do not offer conclusive results. The LED light source, however, produces good images for visual inspection by the operator. The paper presents the results and discusses the usefulness and shortcomings of various comparison methods.
This paper describes an Airborne Multi-Spectral Imaging System (AMIS) and the development of its system software. This system has been developed so as to be rapidly deployed in response to episodic events such as hurricanes and tropical storms which may occur year round in coastal zones. The system uses digital video cameras to provide high resolution images at a very high collection rate. The system is software controlled so as to provide a minimum distraction for the aircraft pilot by providing for the remote manipulation of the camera and the GPS receiver. The system is viable for many applications that require good resolution at low cost. Such applications include vegetation detection, oceanography, marine biology, and environmental coastal science analysis.
This paper describes software development for an Airborne Multi-Spectral Imaging System that uses digital cameras to provide high resolution images at very high rates. The software controls the camera and the GPS receiver and allows the remote manipulation of various functions, including play, stop, and rewind. The GPS co-ordinates and the corresponding time are simultaneously recorded. The system is viable for many applications that require reasonably good resolution at low cost. Such applications include vegetation detection, oceanography, marine biology, geographical information systems, and environmental coastal science analysis. The paper presents results of two successful flight tests.
Recent advances in technology have made light emitting diodes (LEDs) viable in a number of applications, including vehicle stoplights, traffic lights, machine-vision-inspection, illumination, and street signs. This paper presents the results of comparing images taken by a videoscope using two different light sources. One of the sources is the internal metal halide lamp and the other is a LED placed at the tip of the insertion tube. Images acquired using these two light sources were quantitatively compared using their histogram, intensity profile along a line segment, and edge detection. Also, images were qualitatively compared using image registration and transformation. The gray-level histogram, edge detection, image profile and image registration do not offer conclusive results. The LED light source, however, produces good images for visual inspection by an operator. The paper will present the results and discuss the usefulness and shortcomings of various comparison methods.
KEYWORDS: Video, Cameras, Global Positioning System, Imaging systems, Control systems, Geographic information systems, Digital cameras, Sensors, Receivers, Remote sensing
Airborne remote sensing has many applications that include vegetation detection, oceanography, marine biology, geographical information systems, and environmental coastal science analysis. Remotely sensed images, for example, can be used to study the aftermath of episodic events such as the hurricanes and floods that occur year round in the coastal bend area of Corpus Christi. This paper describes an Airborne Multi-Spectral Imaging System that uses digital cameras to provide high resolution at very high rates. The software is based on Delphi 5.0 and IC Imaging Control's ActiveX controls. Both time and the GPS coordinates are recorded. Three successful test flights have been conducted so far. The paper present flight test results and discusses the issues being addressed to fully develop the system.
Advances in imaging technology and sensors have made airborne remote sensing systems viable for many applications that require reasonably good resolution at low cost. Digital cameras are making their mark on the market by providing high resolution at very high rates. This paper describes an aircraft-mounted imaging system (AMIS) that is being designed and developed at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi (A&M-CC) with the support of a grant from NASA. The approach is to first develop and test a one-camera system that will be upgraded into a five-camera system that offers multi-spectral capabilities. AMIS will be low cost, rugged, portable and has its own battery power source. Its immediate use will be to acquire images of the Coastal area in the Gulf of Mexico for a variety of studies covering vast spectra from near ultraviolet region to near infrared region. This paper describes AMIS and its characteristics, discusses the process for selecting the major components, and presents the progress.
KEYWORDS: Detection and tracking algorithms, Signal processing, Data processing, Data modeling, Autoregressive models, Algorithm development, Interference (communication), Signal to noise ratio, Signal analyzers, Data storage
This paper presents a new algorithm for tracking the spectrum of non- stationary signals. In general there is no law relating frequency and time, and therefore, the frequency-time curves are usually approach dependent. The algorithm described here is an extension of the well-known Levinson model for estimating the spectra of stationary signals. The signal parameters are estimated by fitting the model with time-varying coefficients based on an exponential forgetting factor that is introduced to the autocorrelation function. The first operation is the excitation with the input sequence y(n), n equals 0, 1, 2, ..., N, to produce a scalar output, then time-updating by incrementing the previous value with a scalar. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm, some numerical examples are considered: chirp signal in white noise, two sinusoids, and speech signals.
Surface reconstruction is an important problem within computer vision. This paper studies the application of the Lagrange polynomials to interpolating three-dimensional stereo data. The process consists of fitting a surface function to the given 3-D data. The value of the constructed surface at a point (x,y) is calculated locally in finite intervals based on the data at relatively nearby points. This produces a large number of polynomials; however, it requires less computational time than a global solution. This local interpolation is of interest when considering unusual shapes where the data points are irregularly scattered throughout the 3-D space. Overlapping is used when constructing the polynomials to ensure the continuity and smoothness of the surfaces from one scene point to the next. Because the data are generally sparse, the horizontal and vertical one-dimensional operations give different results. Final approximation is based on minimizing the error based on the least square criterion. Experiments show that the method produces good results.
This paper describes a stereo-based multi-camera system for complete 3-D information extraction and surface reconstruction of objects in a robot workspace. The system consists of N number of cameras arranged in an N/2 number of periodic stereo pair structure. The common area of a camera pair and the number of cameras are determined based on a linear camera model and a calibration procedure that reguires only three known world points. The construction of the structural description is performed in two stages: (i) the 3-D data from different perspectives are inferred independently using a periodic stereo structure, and (ii) the extracted information from neighboring camera pairs are integrated to reconstruct the complete surface of the object.
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