Dr. Robert C. Lee Profile

Dr. Robert C. Lee

at Univ of California San Francisco

SPIE Involvement:

Author

Publications (19)

Proceedings Article | 28 February 2019 Paper

Near-infrared endoscopic imaging of deep artificial approximal lesions in extracted teeth

Yaxuan Zhou, Robert Lee, Sara Finkleman, Alireza Sadr, Eric Seibel

Proceedings Volume 10857, 108570I (2019) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2510310

KEYWORDS: Teeth, Optical coherence tomography, Imaging systems, Video, Near infrared, Endoscopy, Specular reflections, Light scattering, Endoscopes, Scattering

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Proceedings Article | 9 February 2018 Presentation + Paper

Near-infrared dental imaging using scanning fiber endoscope

Yaxuan Zhou, Robert Lee, Alireza Sadr, Eric Seibel

Proceedings Volume 10473, 1047308 (2018) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2295080

KEYWORDS: Teeth, Near infrared, Specular reflections, Endoscopes, Imaging systems, Dental caries, Scattering, Luminescence, Optical coherence tomography, Transparency

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2017 Paper

Assessment of radicular dentin permeability after irradiation with CO2 laser and endodontic irrigation treatments with thermal imaging

Heajin Cho, Robert Lee, Kenneth Chan, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 10044, 100440K (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256735

KEYWORDS: Carbon dioxide lasers, Thermography, Laser therapeutics, Chemical lasers, Cameras, Microscopy, Lasers in dentistry, Gas lasers, Carbon monoxide, Laser irradiation, Minerals, Laser dentistry, Temperature metrology

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2017 Paper

Influence of multi-wavelength laser irradiation of enamel and dentin surfaces on surface morphology and permeability

Nai-Yuan Chang, Jamison Jew, Jacob Simon, Kenneth Chan, Robert Lee, William Fried, Jinny Cho, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 10044, 100440H (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256734

KEYWORDS: Natural surfaces, Laser irradiation, Resistance, Polarized microscopy, Microscopy, Ultraviolet radiation, Infrared lasers, Proteins, Minerals, Tissues, Gas lasers, Er:YAG lasers, Carbon monoxide, Near infrared, Reflectivity, Laser therapeutics, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 8 February 2017 Presentation + Paper

Near-infrared imaging of enamel hypomineralization due to developmental defects

Robert Lee, Andrew Jang, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 10044, 1004408 (2017) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2256768

KEYWORDS: Teeth, Reflectivity, Lasers in dentistry, Near infrared, Dental caries, Luminescence, Opacity, Fiber optic illuminators, Translucency, Image acquisition, Light scattering

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Proceedings Article | 29 February 2016 Paper

Assessment of remineralized dentin lesions with thermal and near-infrared reflectance imaging

Robert Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 9692, 96920B (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2218661

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Cameras, Thermography, Optical imaging, Indium gallium arsenide, Lasers in dentistry, Imaging systems, Surface finishing, Infrared cameras, Temperature metrology, Image processing, Dental caries

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Proceedings Article | 29 February 2016 Paper

Assessment of simulated lesions on primary teeth with near-infrared imaging

Wilson Tam, Robert Lee, Brent Lin, Jacob Simon, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 9692, 96920V (2016) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2218660

KEYWORDS: Teeth, Near infrared, Imaging systems, Visualization, Optical coherence tomography, Reflectivity, Luminescence, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Lasers in dentistry, Statistical analysis, Minerals, Optical imaging, Dental caries, Image processing, Thermography

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2015 Paper

Assessment of the remineralization in simulated enamel lesions via dehydration with near-IR reflectance imaging

Robert Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 9306, 93060H (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083655

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Diffusion, Dental caries, Cameras, Minerals, Imaging systems, Absorption, Specular reflections, Optical filters, Indium gallium arsenide

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Proceedings Article | 24 February 2015 Paper

In-vitro near-infrared imaging of natural secondary caries

Jacob Simon, Seth Lucas, Robert Lee, Cynthia Darling, Michal Staninec, Ram Vanderhobli, Roger Pelzner, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 9306, 93060F (2015) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2083649

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Reflectivity, Composites, Teeth, Tissues, Dental caries, Optical coherence tomography, Minerals, In vitro testing, Microscopy

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2014 Paper

Automated detection of remineralization in simulated enamel lesions with PS-OCT

Robert Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 8929, 89290E (2014) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2045676

KEYWORDS: Dental caries, Polarization, Light scattering, Reflectivity, Image processing, Reflection, Scattering, Image filtering, Edge detection, Detection and tracking algorithms

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2011 Paper

In vivo near-IR imaging of occlusal lesions at 1310 nm

Daniel Fried, Michal Staninec, Cynthia Darling, Chulsung Lee, Hobin Kang, Kenneth Chan

Proceedings Volume 7884, 78840B (2011) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.878888

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Teeth, Optical coherence tomography, In vivo imaging, Dental caries, Polarization, Imaging systems, Coherence imaging, Radiography, Visualization

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SPIE Journal Paper | 1 July 2010 Open Access

Nondestructive assessment of the severity of occlusal caries lesions with near-infrared imaging at 1310 nm

Chul Sung Lee, Dustin Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

JBO, Vol. 15, Issue 04, 047011, (July 2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.3475959

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Teeth, Dental caries, Reflectivity, Staring arrays, Indium gallium arsenide, Cameras, CMOS cameras, Radiography, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2010 Paper

Imaging early demineralization with PS-OCT

Hobin Kang, Jane Jiao, Chulsung Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7549, 75490M (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849343

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Reflectivity, Teeth, Optical coherence tomography, Dental caries, Statistical analysis, Image processing, Minerals, Nondestructive evaluation, Reflection

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2010 Paper

In vitro near-infrared imaging of occlusal dental caries using a germanium-enhanced CMOS camera

Chulsung Lee, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7549, 75490K (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849338

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Staring arrays, Germanium, Indium gallium arsenide, Dental caries, Teeth, Cameras, CMOS cameras, Imaging systems, Reflectivity

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2010 Paper

Near-IR imaging of thermal changes in enamel during laser ablation

Linn Maung, Chulsung Lee, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7549, 754902 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849333

KEYWORDS: Laser ablation, Teeth, Carbon dioxide lasers, Near infrared, Laser dentistry, Transparency, Laser drilling, Laser cutting, Signal attenuation, Indium gallium arsenide

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Proceedings Article | 6 March 2010 Paper

High-speed scanning ablation of dental hard tissues with a lambda=9.3-µm CO[sub]2[/sub] laser: heat accumulation and peripheral thermal damage

Daniel Nguyen, Michal Staninec, Chulsung Lee, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7549, 754907 (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849334

KEYWORDS: Teeth, Laser ablation, Carbon dioxide lasers, Temperature metrology, Pulsed laser operation, Tissues, Laser irradiation, Laser safety, Composites, Etching

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A mechanically scanned CO₂ laser operated at high laser pulse repetition rates can be used to rapidly and precisely remove dental decay. This study aims to determine whether these laser systems can safely ablate enamel and dentin without excessive heat accumulation and peripheral thermal damage. Peripheral thermal damage can adversely impact the mechanical strength of the irradiated tissue, particularly for dentin, and reduce the adhesion characteristics of the modified surfaces. Samples were derived from noncarious extracted molars. Pulpal temperatures were recorded using microthermocouples situated at the pulp chamber roof of samples (n=12), which were occlusally ablated using a rapid-scanning, water-cooled 300 Hz CO₂ laser over a two minute time course. The mechanical strength of facially ablated dentin (n=10) was determined via four-point bend test and compared to control samples (n=10) prepared with 320 grit wet sand paper to simulate conventional preparations. Composite-to-enamel bond strength was measured via single-plane shear test for ablated/non-etched (n=10) and ablated/acid-etched (n=8) samples and compared to control samples (n=9) prepared by 320 grit wet sanding. Thermocouple measurements indicated that the temperature remained below ambient temperature at 19.0°C (s.d.=0.9) if water-cooling was used. There was no discoloration of either dentin and enamel, the treated surfaces were uniformly ablated and there were no cracks observable on the laser treated surfaces. Fourpoint bend tests yielded mean mechanical strengths of 18.2 N (s.d.=4.6) for ablated dentin and 18.1 N (s.d.=2.7) for control (p>0.05). Shear tests yielded mean bond strengths of 31.2 MPa (s.d.=2.5, p<0.01) for ablated/acid-etched samples, 5.2 MPa (s.d.=2.4, p<0.001) for ablated/non-etched samples, and 37.0 MPa (s.d.=3.6) for control. The results indicate that a rapid-scanning 300 Hz CO₂ laser can effectively ablate dentin and enamel without excessive heat accumulation and with minimal thermal damage. It is not clear whether the small (16%) but statistically significant reduction in the shear bond strength to enamel is clinically significant since the mean shear bond strength exceeded 30 MPa.

Proceedings Article | 5 March 2010 Paper

Near-IR polarization imaging of sound and carious dental enamel

Cynthia Darling, Jane Jiao, Chulsung Lee, Hobin Kang, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7549, 75490L (2010) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.849341

KEYWORDS: Polarization, Teeth, Dental caries, Tissues, Optical imaging, Linear polarizers, Wave plates, Coherence imaging, Liquid crystals, Imaging systems

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2009 Paper

Dentin bond strength after ablation using a CO2 laser operating at high pulse repetition rates

Saba Hedayatollahnajafi, Michal Staninec, Larry Watanabe, Chulsung Lee, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7162, 71620F (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816862

KEYWORDS: Carbon dioxide lasers, Laser ablation, Laser bonding, Laser dentistry, Composites, Etching, Pulsed laser operation, Laser therapeutics, Collagen, Tissues

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Proceedings Article | 18 February 2009 Paper

Non-destructive measurement of demineralization and remineralization in the occlusal pits and fissures of extracted 3rd molars with PS-OCT

Chulsung Lee, Dennis Hsu, Michael Le, Cynthia Darling, Daniel Fried

Proceedings Volume 7162, 71620V (2009) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.816863

KEYWORDS: Reflectivity, Teeth, Polarization, Dental caries, Minerals, Nondestructive evaluation, Image processing, Tomography, 3D image processing, Imaging systems

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Showing 5 of 19 publications

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