The effect of varying the main and local field on the partial discharge characteristics of polypropylene film is studied by analyzing the temporal behavior of partial discharge parameters. In the first set of experiments, keeping the applied voltage constant, the gap spacing is varied altering the applied field. When the gap is relatively small, discharges appear in quick succession deepening the craters in front of the rod tip where space charges are widely distributed, precipitating discharges of wide range of amplitudes. At relatively larger spacing, the discharge behavior is largely controlled by electric field distribution. In the fixed gap experiments, the local field is varied by introducing polymer nanocomposites that have different filler content. For a fixed gap and constant voltage, discharge magnitudes are lower in samples with nanofiller content below the percolation threshold than in the base polymer. The scatter in discharge magnitudes is lower in samples with nanoparticle content below the percolation threshold than in samples with nanofiller content above the threshold. The major conclusion is the maximum advantage of adding nanofillers is gained only when the particle content is below the percolation threshold.
In practical power apparatus, the insulation under high electrical stress is exposed to recurrent partial discharge pulses, and the utility of the insulation is largely determined by its resistance to aging by partial discharges. The occurrence of partial discharges is largely governed by a combination of the applied field and the space charges that are generated due to these discharges. Since the space charge profile generated by a time-varying voltage and, thus, the resultant field would be much different from that of a constant ac voltage, this work investigates how the partial discharge characteristics, the resulting erosion, and remnant breakdown strength change when samples are aged with a step voltage profile. Since incorporation of nanofillers in controlled quantities is known to alter the space charge formation and transportation, this work also focuses on understanding the effect of incorporation of different quantities of natural (cloisite 20 A° natural montmorillonite clay) and synthetic (tetrasilisic fluro mica) nanofillers into a pure polypropylene matrix on its partial discharge characteristics and the resulting effect when aged under the application of step voltages. Isotactic polypropylene films with different filler concentrations of natural and synthetic nanofillers were aged. The cumulative effect of the partial discharge behavior was investigated through analysis of the erosion depth produced by these pulses on sample surface and remnant breakdown strengths of aged samples. Results indicate that maximum partial discharge magnitudes become prominently lower in nanofilled samples as compared to that of base polypropylene only when the applied voltage is beyond a certain level. Up to that voltage, the average discharge magnitude is significantly lower in samples whose filler content is below a percolation threshold, but above that voltage, the average magnitude depends on the aspect ratio of the nanofillers. Partial discharge resistance and characteristic breakdown strength increases with increase in filler content in both types of nanofilled samples, but excessive filler content is not effective in enhancing these parameters.
Introduction of nanofillers into polypropylene matrix has shown to improve the partial discharge resistance and breakdown strength. This work details the various statistical techniques that can be used to effectively analyze and forecast PD data obtained. PP samples made of base polymer and loaded with 1%, 2%, 4% and 8% synthetic nanofillers were aged under surface partial discharges. The acquired partial discharge pulse amplitude spectra were quantified in terms of Weibull scale (α) and shape (β) parameters. The sequential observations of these parameters collected at regular intervals of time constituted the two time series which are used here to analyze the PD data. The theoretical framework for analyzing & forecasting time series of Weibull shape and scale parameters of partial discharge pulse amplitude spectra using the auto & cross correlations to arrive at parsimonious models that can be used to analyze and forecast the data are presented.
The aging conditions play a prominent role on the remnant breakdown strength of the samples as the partial discharge characteristics which affect the sample performance change drastically with the type of aging voltage. During aging, the formation of space charge that causes change in partial discharge characteristics depends on the electric field applied during aging. In this work, an investigation into remnant breakdown strength of natural and synthetic nanofilled and unfilled PP is done when aged under different types of voltage profiles. Synthetic (2, 4 and 8 wt-%) and natural (0, 2 and 6 wt-%) organoclay samples were used in this experiment. The nanocomposites were aged under different aging conditions. Samples of same composition were exposed to constant voltage aging, step voltage aging, and ramp voltage aging. The various types of voltages were applied to the nanocomposites to observe how they would behave under different aging conditions. Breakdown strength analyses was done on aged and unaged samples to evaluate the effect of PD on the remnant breakdown strength of samples with and without nanocomposites.
In this work, partial discharge (PD) measurements of natural nanofilled polypropylene (PP) films have been performed
by systematically varying the air gap between rod and plane electrodes to study the effect of field variation on PD
characteristics. Results indicated that Partial Discharge Inception Voltage (PDIV) increases when either the nanofiller
concentration or air gap is increased. Further, during aging, average PD magnitude and Weibull Scale Factor of PD pulse
distributions decrease with increase in air gap. Electric field simulation results agree with our experimental findings.
Uniform dispersion of small amounts of nanofillers into Polypropylene (PP) base polymer have shown to improve the
dielectric properties such as Partial Discharge (PD) resistance and breakdown strength (BDS). A comparative analyses of
the effect of addition of natural and synthetic nanofillers on the PD characteristics and the BDS prior to and after aging
with PD have been performed. Results indicate that addition of both type of fillers significantly reduce maximum PD
magnitude (Qmax). The Weibull characteristic BDS magnitudes were observed to improve with addition of nanofillers.
Literature indicates space charge formation in the polypropylene (PP) films when subjected to Partial Discharges (PD).
The space charge thus formed also alters the PD characteristics in turn altering the PD resistance. The main focus of this
work is to investigate the effect of space charge formed during the PD aging process on the main field with minimal
space charge redistribution times. AC Ramp voltage that constantly increases with time at a rate of 667 V/s was applied
across the samples for 20 second duration. PP films with natural organo clay nanofillers (0 (wt/v) % referred to as
PP+N0% (base polymer) and 2 (wt/v) % referred to as PP+N2%), and synthetic organo clay nanofillers (2 (wt/v) %
referred to as PP+S2%) were considered for experimentation. Results indicate that with the inclusion of the either natural
or synthetic organo clay nanoparticles, with in the percolation threshold limit of nanofiller concentration, the final
electric stress is reduced thus enhancing the resistance to surface PDs.
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