KEYWORDS: Image segmentation, Tumors, Brain, 3D image processing, Magnetic resonance imaging, Neuroimaging, 3D modeling, Performance modeling, Data modeling
Accurately brain tumor segmentation is critical on treatment plan making and treatment outcome prediction. Manually segmenting tumor is tedious and time consuming. Therefore, developing a reliable and automatic brain tumor segmentation model is necessary. In this study, we developed a new multimodal weighted network (MW-Net), which fully utilizes the biological information from multiple modalities. Since the contribution from different modality is different, the relative weight in introduced into MW-Net and trained as the hyperparameter with other parameters in an end-to-end way. The 3D segmentation results can be directly obtained in testing stage. The experimental results showed MW-Net outperformed 3D-U-Net.
Green vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) were fabricated with two different kinds of gain medium, a green-emitting InGaN quantum dot (QD) active region and a normally blue-emitting quantum well (QW) active region. The VCSELs have dual dielectric DBRs and room temperature (RT) continuous wave (CW) lasing was observed in both type VCSELs. For the QD VCSELs, lasing at different wavelengths from 491.8 to 565.7 nm was obtained, covering most of the “green gap”. The lasing wavelength could be controlled by adjusting the cavity length, and the devices were featured with low threshold current of less than 1 kA/cm2. For the QW VCSELs, the emission peak of active layer is around 445nm, dominantly in the blue. However, lasing was observed at around 493 nm, locating at the emission edge and approaching to the green region. The green emission comes from the fluctuation-induced localization centers. And the cavity-enhanced recombination played an important role in realization of lasing action. These results open up opportunities to design and fabricate semiconductor green VCSELs that are useful for wide-gamut, low consumption power and compact displays and projectors.
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