In this paper, a new method for measuring the refractive index of seawater based on the V-shaped cavity is proposed. MATLAB software is used to simulate the V-shaped cavity based on the optical thin film transfer matrix. By changing the refractive index of the liquid in the glassware placed in the cavity, the filtering characteristics of the V-shaped cavity are changed. The change of refractive index can be demodulated by monitoring the shift of transmission wavelength of V-shaped cavity. In this paper, the refractive index detection sensitivity is 217nm/RIU, and the refractive index high resolution measurement can be up to 10-8 RIU. In this paper, the empirical formula of the change of refractive index with the change of transmission wavelength shift is given. When the change of refractive index is 10-7 RIU, the accuracy of demodulation using the empirical formula is 0.03%. The outcomes indicate that the new method proposed in this paper has a strong application prospect in the field of high resolution ocean optical sensing.
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