In dye-sensitized solar cells, electron transport in nano-porous thin TiO2 film electrodes plays an important role in energy conversion efficiency. Previous studies have revealed that the electron transport property is largely influenced by electron density in the electrodes and the preparation methods of the TiO2 electrodes. In this paper, we study the electron diffusion in nano-porous TiO2 electrodes with and without dye adsorption. The electron diffusion coefficient is derived from pulsed laser induced current transients in the presence and absence of bias light. Measurements are repeated with various light intensities to examine electron density dependence. The experiments are performed for the electrodes prepared from two different TiO2 particles and for two different electrolytes. For all cases, dye adsorption is found to increase electron diffusion coefficients under the same electron density in the electrodes. The increase of diffusion coefficients is confirmed by open-circuit voltage transient measurements. The charge trap on the electrode surface is studied from the relationship between open-circuit voltage and charge density in the dyed TiO2electrodes. The reduction of surface charge trap density due to the dye adsorption is discussed.
Photoreduction of CO2 to formic acid (HCO2-) and a small quantity of carbon monoxide (CO) can be achieved in N,N-dimethylformamide by using oligo(p- phenylenes) (OPP-n) as a photocatalyst and triethylamine (TEA) as a sacrificial electron donor under > 290 nm irradiation. Among OPP-n, p-terphenyl (OPP-3) and p-quaterphenyl (OPP-4) show high photocatalytic activity for the formation of HCO2-, in which the apparent quantum yields of HCO2- formation for OPP-3 and OPP-4 are 0.072 and 0.084, respectively. The laser flash photolysis and pulse radiolysis studies reveal that the photocatalysis initially start from the reductive quenching of the singlet state of OPP-n by TEA followed by the formation of the radical anion of OPP-n, OPP-n-, resulting in direct electron transfer from OPP-n- to CO2 molecules.
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