Brightness transformation of low-level-light images, which only depends on the characteristics of every pixel, can change the brightness of pixels. In this paper we firstly analyze the low-level-light images, proposing two ways to transform the brightness of pixels: brightness correction and gray-scale transformation. And during the brightness correction is changing the brightness of pixels, it is necessary to consider something such as the brightness it used to have and its position in the image. While gray-scale transformation doesn't need to consider its position in the image during it's modifying the brightness of pixels.
Microbolometer focal plane array (FPA), as a popular kind of uncooled infrared detector, has a wide range of low cost
thermal imaging applications due to its high sensitivity and simple micro-fabrication process. The performance of
microbolometer imaging system is determined by many factors such as the property of the FPA, the effect of
nonuniformity correction, the condition of operation and so on. In this paper, the micro-structure and heat transfer
mechanism of microbolometer FPA are analysed to find out the substrate temperature characteristic. The response
nonuniformity of the FPA and corresponding two-point correction method are discussed to find out the calibration
temperature characteristic. And the power dissipation property of the thermal-electrical cooler (TEC) integrated under
the FPA is described to find out the ambient temperature characteristic. According to the simulation and experiment
results obtained from a 320×240 amorphous silicon microbolometer imaging system, it is concluded that all these
temperature parameters have a great influence on the system performance and should be well considered for different
working conditions to gain high system performance and imaging quality.
Taking GaAs and GaN as representation, negative electron affinity (NEA) photocathode has many virtues,
such as high quantum efficiency, low dark current, concentrated electrons energy distribution and angle distribution,
adjustive long-wave threshold, great potential to extend the long-wave spectral response waveband. Therefore it plays
more and more important effect in high performance image intensifiers and polarized electron sources. GaN NEA
photocathode and GaAs NEA photocathode are very similar because they all belong to III-V compound. But, GaN
photocathode and GaAs photocathode have many difference in such aspects as preparation process, activation manners,
stability and application field etc. In this paper, using the multi-information measurement and evaluation system of
photocathode, the preparation processes of native reflection-mode GaN photocathode and GaAs photocathode are
studied. The different activation manners of GaN photocathode and GaAs photocathode are compared and analyzed. The
spectral response and stability of the two kind of photocathode are compared also. The experiments indicate: the
atomically clean degree of NEA photocathode surface and the structure of activation layer are the main factors that
influence photocathode sensitivity and stability after activation. GaN photocathode and GaAs photocathode have good
NEA property and large quantum yield. Compare with GaAs photocathode, GaN photocathode has high stability, and the
decay of the quantum yield is comparatively slow.
An uncooled thermal imaging system with multiple working temperatures will be presented. Transient response
performance of α-si microbolometer detectors is simulated firstly when the working temperature varies in the range from
-40deg. to +60deg. Simulating results show that α-si microbolometer detectors have coherent response performance in a
large range of working temperature, which lay basis for designing uncooled thermal imaging system with multiple
working temperatures. Different from traditional thermal imaging systems, this thermal imaging system has three
working temperature with an accuracy range of less than ±0.01deg. When working, the temperature control circuit will
switch between the working temperatures according to the variety of the environmental temperature. To evaluate this
thermal imaging system, we measure its power consumption and NETD in the environmental temperature range from
-40deg. to +60deg. The measurement results are that the total power is less than 2500mW and the NETD is less than
120mk. This indicates that the thermal imaging system has nearly the same imaging quality and obviously lower power,
compared with traditional thermal imaging systems.
An infrared target tracking system has been introduced in details for unmanned monitor application and its
corresponding method for extracting and tracking moving targets from real-time infrared video has also been described.
To ensure its real-time implementation on the tracking system, mature motion estimation techniques such as the
time-domain statistics method and the DT method are adopted in the tracking method which includes three stages: target
extracting, target classification and target tracking. A two-strategy classification method is adopted to improve
classification accuracy. The tracking process involves correlation matching between a template and the current motion
regions. The motion region with the best correlation is tracked and is used to update the template for subsequent tracking.
The infrared target tracking system is based on a high-speed DSP chip with an internet interface, which may transmit the
doubtful targets information to monitor center in time. To illustrate the effectivity of the infrared target tracking system,
experimental results has been given in the end of this paper.
Image intensifier is a device to observe in night. To evaluate the quality of Image intensifier, there are two important data
which are resolution and SNR. Analyzing the testing principles of resolution and SNR, a test to super second generation
image intensifier is designed. Under the luminance of 1Lx,1×10-3Lx and 1×10-5Lx, test with the same resolution card. It
was found that image quality of Image intensifier has the best quality when in luminance of background 1×10-1Lx to 1×
10-3Lx. When luminance of its background is above 1×10-1Lx the noise will be high, see fig.2. When luminance of its
background is below1×10-3Lx the signal will be weak. It provides a testing foundation for evaluating the quality of an
image intensifier.
Microbolometer detector is very competent as uncooled infrared detector for a wide range of thermal imaging
applications, since it has been found to be more sensitive and has the advantage of using standard Si micro-fabrication
process compared with pyroelectric or ferroelectric technology. The heart of microbolometer detector is a two
dimensional array of thermal sensitive thin-film layers, which can change their temperatures and resistivities depending
on the radiation absorbed. During the entire thermal imaging process, the microbolometer detector's substrate
temperature, calibration temperature and ambient temperature are the key parameters which determine the thermal-electrical
performance and the ultimate imaging quality of the microbolometer detector. In this work, based on the
analysis of the characteristics of these parameters, the experiment has been conducted with the uncooled infrared thermal
imaging system based on 320×240 amorphous silicon microbolometer detector working at different substrate
temperatures, adopting different calibration temperatures for different ambient temperatures. The corresponding
measurement results of the system's NETD, residual nonuniformity and power consumption, as well as the system's
imaging results are presented, which all have a great agreement of the theory analysis above.
This article introduces motion detection and estimation of low-level-light video sequence, and, motion detection, motion
estimation and variational problem. Low-level-light video sequence different form others, the time and space domain
noise in the signal not only limit the lowest illuminance of the system but also make the image show random glitter. In
this paper how to improve the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of low light level image is discussed too. The results show that
models and estimation algorithms in low-level-light video sequence can lead to improve reliability and accuracy of the
estimated motion.
The three elements of photoelectrical cathode, microchannel plate and fluorescence screen are important parts to imaging
quality of low light and ultraviolet Image intensifier. To do research and analysis work on the Fluorescence screen
parameter testing have practical significance to the understanding of the performance of fluorescence screen and then can
help to know where improvement should be made and then achieve a best performance entire tube, This article mainly
introduce the testing theory of the brightness uniformity of fluorescence screen of Image Intensifier and how to build a
mathematic model.
The novel approach to the image noise problem of reticle images based on impact condition in low-level-light weapon
sight is proposed in this paper. The condition and process of the low-level-light weapon sight impact experiment were
analyzed, and then averaging algorithm of reticle images consists of two parts has been applied on the experiment. First
averaging and smoothing using a rotating mask methods were operated on Gaussian noise, to obtain a matching precision
with in 0.05 mil. Second the well known efficient median filtering smoothing method is performed to obtain the higher
matching precision. The potential of this averaging method is shown in the experimental results of reticle images in low-level-light weapon sight based on impact condition.
The edge detector operator of image intensifier is a key problem for fluorescent image processing. This paper is intended
to serve for three purposes: (1). To present the general problem of Fluorescent image in a sufficient depth and extent, (2)
to present a complete algorithm for image processing including image sharpening and gradient operator. (3). to search
for a edge detector optimal for fluorescent image processing of image intensifier. It is expected that a edge detector
operator could provide a generic and robust solution to the reticle fluorescent noise images matching problem, which
could be an important breakthrough in computer vision, photogrammetry, and pattern recognition.
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