Mr. Sravan Kumar K. Patel Profile

Sravan Kumar K. Patel

at Duquesne Univ

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Publications (2)

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SPIE Journal Paper | 2 August 2013 Open Access

Two-color fluorescent (near-infrared and visible) triphasic perfluorocarbon nanoemulsions

Sravan Kumar Patel, Michael Patrick, John Pollock, Jelena Janjic

JBO, Vol. 18, Issue 10, 101312, (August 2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.10.1117/1.JBO.18.10.101312

KEYWORDS: Luminescence, Near infrared, In vivo imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, In vitro testing, Imaging systems, Confocal microscopy, Tissues, Nanodroplets, Inflammation

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Design and development of a new formulation as a unique assembly of distinct fluorescent reporters with nonoverlapping fluorescence spectra and a F 19 magnetic resonance imaging agent into colloidally and optically stable triphasic nanoemulsion are reported. Specifically, a cyanine dye-perfluorocarbon (PFC) conjugate was introduced into the PFC phase of the nanoemulsion and a near-infrared dye was introduced into the hydrocarbon (HC) layer. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a triphasic nanoemulsion system where each oil phase, HC, and PFC are fluorescently labeled and formulated into an optically and colloidally stable nanosystem. Having, each oil phase separately labeled by a fluorescent dye allows for improved correlation between in vivo imaging and histological data. Further, dual fluorescent labeling can improve intracellular tracking of the nanodroplets and help assess the fate of the nanoemulsion in biologically relevant media. The nanoemulsions were produced by high shear processing (microfluidization) and stabilized with biocompatible nonionic surfactants resulting in mono-modal size distribution with average droplet size less than 200 nm. Nanoemulsions demonstrate excellent colloidal stability and only moderate changes in the fluorescence signal for both dyes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy of macrophages exposed to nanoemulsions shows the presence of both fluorescence agents in the cytoplasm.

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Proceedings Article | 21 February 2013 Paper

Suppressing inflammation from inside out with novel NIR visible perfluorocarbon nanotheranostics

Jelena Janjic, Sravan Patel, Michael Patrick, John Pollock, Erin DiVito, Michael Cascio

Proceedings Volume 8596, 85960L (2013) https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2004625

KEYWORDS: Near infrared, Luminescence, In vivo imaging, Magnetic resonance imaging, Tumors, Inflammation, Tissues, In vitro testing, Fluorine, Cancer

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Highly innovative multimodal perfluorocarbon (PFC) nanoemulsions are presented. They serve simultaneously as dual-mode imaging reagents (NIR and ¹⁹F MRI), and drug delivery vehicles for water insoluble cyclooxgenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors. These features qualify them as theranostic. Cancer progression and metastasis are highly influenced by tumor microenvironment and inflammation. Infiltration of primary tumors with inflammation-promoting cells (e.g. macrophages) is a negative prognostic factor for cancer patient survival. We postulate that the suppression of COX-2 enzyme in macrophages by theranostic PFC nanoemulsions will result in changes in macrophage levels of accumulation in tumors and/or their phenotype, which can suppress tumor- promoting activity. The presented theranostic nanoemulsions are designed to label immune cells such as macrophages, and deliver celecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor. The designed theranostic incorporates two fluorescent reporters: a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent dye for improved optical in vivo imaging, and a distinct fluorescent dye for histological analysis of excised tissues. A high content of PFC in the theranostic allows ¹⁹F MRI to quantitatively assess the distribution of the injected nanomedicine in the peritumoral area, and measure tumor-associated inflammation, while ¹H MRI provides anatomical context. NIR imaging is used as a complementary in vivo technique to assess biodistribution of the theranostic. We report preparation and characterization of the nanoemulsions’ colloidal and optical stability, in vitro toxicity, and imaging capabilities. This theranostic offers flexibility for in vitro and in vivo inflammation imaging and histological analysis using three different imaging functionalities (fluorescence, NIR and 19F MRI), advancing the monitoring and modulating of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in vivo.

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