David J. Ellis, Eoin Murray, Thomas Meany, Anthony Bennett, Frederik Floether, James Lee, Jonathan Griffiths, Geb A. Jones, Ian Farrer, David Ritchie, Andrew Shields
The creation of a quantum photonic integrated circuit, bringing together quantum light sources; detectors; and elements for routing and modulating the photons; is a fundamental step towards a compact and self-contained quantum information processor.
Here we report on the realisation of a new hybrid integration platform for InAs Quantum Dot-based quantum light sources and waveguide-based photonic circuits.
In this scheme, GaAs devices containing embedded quantum dots are bonded to a silicon oxynitride waveguide circuit such that the quantum dot emission is coupled to the waveguide mode. The output from the waveguide element is coupled into optical fibre (also bonded to the waveguide chip) and the whole assembly is cooled to cryogenic temperatures.
Integrated tuneable Mach-Zehnder interferometers permit on-chip photon routing to be achieved and allow the device to act as a path-encoded qubit preparation device.
By utilising one such interferometer as a reconfigurable beam splitter, the single photon nature of the emission was confirmed by a Hanbury Brown and Twiss measurement on chip.
We perform a rigorous characterisation of multiport waveguide circuits. These devices were fabricated using an ultrafast laser inscription process which permits uniquely three-dimensional circuit fabrication not possible using standard lithographic means. To infer device manipulation of an arbitrary input state of light (i.e. intensity and phase transformations), we perform device interrogation with coherent input states. We demonstrate that the inscription process, and output from coherent state interrogation combined with a maximum likelihood estimation algorithm, provide a rapid prototyping system for waveguide circuits acting on quantum states of light. This opens the way for more advanced multiport structures exploiting additional paths, input states and arbitrary phase relationships.
We discuss the hybrid integration of multiple components for the production of telecom band single photon sources. We implement four, on-chip, waveguide channels capable of producing four spatially separated collinear pairs of single photons. Using laser inscribed waveguide circuits and point-by-point bre Bragg gratings (FBG), we interface, separate and lter generated photon pairs. We propose using fast switches to actively route multiple heralded single photons to a single output producing an enhanced rate while maintaining a xed noise level.
Since the discovery, that a tightly focused femtosecond laser beam can induce a highly localized and permanent refractive index change in a wide range of dielectrics, ultrafast laser inscription has found applications in many elds due to its unique 3D and rapid prototyping capabilities. These ultrafast laser inscribed waveguide devices are compact and lightweight as well as inherently robust since the waveguides are embedded within the bulk material. In this presentation we will review our current understanding of ultrafast laser - glass lattice interactions and its application to the fabrication of inherently stable, compact waveguide lasers and astronomical 3D integrated photonic circuits.
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