The emission of microparticles into the atmosphere during rock mass breaking by blasting in open-pits is one of the factors which determine the ground-level air pollution in the vicinity of the open-pits. The results of instrumental observations over the development of dust and gas clouds occurring from large-scale explosions at the limestone pit in Lipetsk region are presented. A numerical model has been developed to substantiate the function of the boundary layer for the fine dust reaching the monitoring stations.
Pollution of the atmosphere and territories adjacent to opencast mine by mineral particles during explosive breaking of rock mass is one of the factors affecting the environmental situation in the vicinity of quarries and reducing the transparency of the surface layer of the atmosphere. A significant effect of wind on particle transfer begins after the completion of the rise of a dust-gas cloud formed by an explosion on the surface of the earth. Numerical simulation was used to determine the characteristics of a dust cloud starting from the moment of formation of the fireball until the cloud reaches hydrostatic equilibrium. The numerical model was improved in order to calculate the dynamics of the dust cloud for charges with a mass of 1 to 1000 tons of TNT. The fireball parameters were set based on the data of theoretical and experimental studies. Based on numerical calculations, a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the dynamics of the dust-gas cloud for an explosion with a mass of 500 tons of TNT is carried out. The obtained relations allow one to determine the height of the upper edge and the radius of the cap of dust-gas clouds depending on the energy of the explosion with a mass of 1 to 1000 tons of TNT.
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