Metasurfaces present novel prospects for compacted quantum technologies by providing precise manipulation of amplitude, phase, and polarization of the incident light. Utilizing the advanced polarization control and multiplexing capabilities of metasurfaces, the capacity for detecting and processing quantum information can be enhanced. In this work, we optimize metasurface fabrication using electron-beam lithography and develop a custom SEM image recognition program for precise structure assessment and improved imaging quality. We achieve holographic imaging under quantum state incidence, enabling the reconstruction of quantum state information from the resulting meta-holography.
The precise control of fluid transport is of significant importance in intelligent systems and microfluidics. However, current research typically involve either the directed transport of a single type of fluid or requires complex preparation processes. This work utilities the complementary superwetting surface of polyimide/Poly tetra fluoroethylene to achieve the spontaneous directional transport of water droplets and underwater bubbles through single femtosecond laser processing. This technology enables the preparation of flexible and diverse structures for complex fluid control. This work presents a novel approach to the control of fluid transport, with a multitude of applications in aerospace, medical and intelligent transportation.
Thanks to the precise control of the amplitude, phase and polarization at the subwavelength scale, metasurfaces have attracted tremendous attention on achieving multifunctional applications, such as metalens[1], meta-holograms [2], vortex generators [3] and so on. In order to multiplex multiple information in a single metasurface, various channels of metaholograms have been explored, including color channel in near or far field, amplitude channel, polarization channel, and position channel [4-8]. However, the polarization channel in far field has not been deeply investigated. Due to the ignored phase of reconstructed holograms in far field, the polarization at the overlapping area of different meta-holograms is generally distributed randomly. Actually, the phase difference plays an important role in determining the vectorial distribution. Up to now, only a few work has explore the importance of controlling the phase difference in far field [9-11]. Here, we study the relationship between the phase distributions in both near and far field and proposed a flexible strategy to multiplexing holographic images with a dielectric metasurface that can encode vectorial holographic images in far field via the controllability of phase difference of two arbitrary holographic images designed for the right circular polarized (RCP) light and left circular polarized (LCP) light on the imaging plane.
Femtosecond laser direct writing (FLDW) technique has been widely applied for fabrications of various photonic quantum chips in glass, such as chips for quantum computation, quantum walk, quantum simulation and quantum metrology. Photonic quantum logic gates are the building blocks for the realization of linear optical universal quantum computation. Up to now, several photonic quantum logic gates have been fabricated by FLDW, such as polarization encoded Hadamard (H) gate, Controlled NOT (CNOT) gate, herald CNOT gate and path encoded herald Controlled phase (CZ) gate and CNOT gate. By combining several single-qubit and two-qubit gates together, the constructed quantum circuits can realize some special functions, such as generating entangled states and perform quantum computation algorithms. Based on the successful fabrication of path encoded CNOT gate by FLDW, we further realized the fabrication of photonic quantum chips by cascading one H gate and one CNOT gate at the control qubit to generate path encoded Bell states, whose fidelity of truth table can reach 97.60.3%. Further, we cascaded one H gate and two parallel CNOT gates at the same control qubit to generate path encoded GHZ states, but which need three photons. Both Bell states and GHZ states are important entangled photon resources, which are widely used in quantum communication and quantum computation, and both combinations of logic gates above can be applied in many quantum circuits, so this work is of great importance and lays the technical foundation for the FLDW of more complex and powerful photonic quantum computation chips.
Femtosecond laser direct writing via two-photon polymerization (TPP), which utilizes high intensity laser induced two-photon absorption to initiate polymerization, is a promising approach for 3D microstructure fabrication especially micro-optical devices. The traditional point-by-point direct writing TPP has high spatial resolution but usually timeconsuming[1], thus it is hard to fabricate large structures or arrays. Recently, several solutions have been proposed to facilitate the polymerization, for instance, the multi-focus generation for parallel processing but the interference between foci limits their density[2], the multi-beam interference for specific periodic structures[3], and the focal field engineering[4,5]. In this work, we fabricate arbitrary 3D structures with the focal field engineering (FFE) by inversely retrieving the incident beam profile from the target focal field to speed up the polymerization of the microstructures. Moreover, we anneal the structure as post heat treatment to improve its smoothness of the surface.
The time-wavelength optical pulse interleaver is an important component of a wavelength-interleaved photonic analog-to- digital converter (ADC). The two important performance indexes of interleavers are power imbalance and delay error. In order to reduce the power imbalance, a runway-shaped and shallow ridge silicon waveguide optical delay line (ODL) array is adopted. The measured average loss of the ODL is only 0.68 dB/cm. By measuring the delay of the ODL array, we optimize the ODL’s length to reduce the interleaver’s delay error. A four-channel interleaver with low loss and small delay error was fabricated on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, and the power imbalance is 0.9 dB. The root mean square (RMS) delay error is 0.34% and the crosstalk is below -20.3 dB.
In the conventional femtosecond laser direct writing with a Gaussian beam, the focus is an ellipsoid with the long axis along the beam propagation direction, resulting in the ellipsoidal fabricated dot. Due to the simple shape of the dot, complex three-dimensional (3D) nano/microstructures should be written dot by dot by the focus scanning, which is usually time-consuming. Therefore, a rapid nano/microfabrication technique is becoming highly desired to achieve arbitrary 3D nano/microstructures. By 2D phase modulation of the Gaussian beam, multi-focuses were generated for the direct writing of several same nano/microstructures simultaneously to save fabrication time, and donut and other 2D intensity distributions were produced for the single exposure fabrication of 2D microstructures. Here, we demonstrate the single-exposure two-photon polymerization of a 3D microstructure via the 3D focal field engineering by using the 2D phase-only spatial light modulation. With a single exposure, a whole 3D microstructure like a double-helix is polymerized simultaneously, whose configuration is controlled by the designed 3D focal intensity distribution. In addition, a longitudinal circular intensity distribution is generated for the multi-photon inscription of a depressed cladding waveguide inside glass with single scan transverse writing.
This paper reports ex-situ preparation of conductive polymer/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) nanocomposites by adding high conductive SWNTs to the polymer matrix. Sonication methods were used to disperse the SWNTs in the polymer. The conductivity of the nanocomposites is tuned by increasing the concentration of SWNTs. Furthermore, we present two-photon polymerization (2PP) method to fabricate structures on the basis of conductive photosensitive composites. The conductive structures were successfully generated by means of 2PP effect induced by a femtosecond laser.
Fano resonances, sometimes behaving like electromagnetic induced transparency (EIT)-like resonances in whisperinggallery-
mode (WGM) microcavities are attracting much attention due to the important applications in high-sensitivity
biosensing, optical switch, and slow light. In this paper, Fano resonances in several WGM systems are reported,
including in a single WGM photonic microcavity and in coupled WGM microcavities. Specifically, in a single WGM
microcavity system, Fano or EIT-like resonances in both polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) coated silica microtoroid and
bare silica microtoroid are experimentally investigated. In coupled microcavity system, we report a theoretical study of
EIT-like resonance in an array of microcavities indirectly coupled through a parallel waveguides system. Finally, we
experimentally investigate the Fano resonance in two microcavities indirectly coupled via a single fiber taper.
We have realized three-dimensional micromachining and microfabrication in transparent materials with femtosecond
laser pulses, including water-assisted drilling by ablation, hologram encoding by microexplosion, waveguide writing by
refractive index increase, and nanoline and nanotip polymerization via two-photon absorption. With the water-assisted
drilling, we showed that not only longitudinal holes in the laser beam propagation direction but also transverse holes
perpendicular to laser beam could be drilled when the sample's rear surface was in contact with water. True three-dimensional
microchannels and microchambers were fabricated. In addition, three-dimensional cutting of glass was
realized with the water assistance. By using tightly focused pulse to induce microexplosion, permanent computer-generated
holograms were directly written inside glass and the stored data were reconstructed by a He-Ne laser beam. A
waveguide array was written inside glass by the laser induced refractive index increase, and coupling between these
waveguides was observed. Nanoline and nanotips with sub-30nm feature-size were fabricated using resin SCR500 by
two-photon photopolymerization.
We present the microfabrication of high refractive index-modulated structures written by line scan inside bulk of fused silica with a femtosecond laser at wavelength of 810 nm. The femtosecond laser beam, with duration between 130 fs and 500 fs at a repetition rate of 1 kHz, was focused through a microscope objective with numerical aperture (NA) of 0.10 or 0.25 into the sample. To fabricate high refractive index-modulated structures in fused silica, we investigated the dependence of refractive index change on laser pulse energy, pulse duration, scan speed, and scanning repetitions. The results showed a "triangle region", with pulse duration of 130 fs to 230 fs and pulse energy of 0.35 μJ to 1.5 μJ, for the fabrication of refractive index modulation structures. The refractive index modulation was increased to 3×10-3 after several scanning passes. Diffractive optical components such as grid, square, circle gratings and Fresnel zone plates have been fabricated by direct writing technique. The structures could be used as diffractive beam splitters, beam shaper and micro-lens.
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